JUSSIEU, zhn'sA-'et. The name of a family which for more than a century and a half has numbered among its members some of the first botanists of their age.—AN•OINE DE JUSSIEU (1686-175S). lie was horn in Lyons. He suc ceeded Tournefdrt in 1708 as professor at the Jardin du Iloi. and published various works on anatomy. zoillogv. and botany, among them an Appendix to Tournefort (Lyons, 1719). He made several journeys to foreign countries to collect plants. on which occasions he was aecompanied by his younger brother, Bernard. who codperated with him as his assistant.—BERNARD DE JUSSIEU ( 161W-1770 was born in Lyons. Ile obtained the degree of I.D.A at Montpellier in 1720, and at Paris, 1726; succeeded S. 1'aillent as demonstrator of botany in the Jardin cln Itoi, 1722, and pub lished various works on zoology and botany,which at the time were considered valuable. In a brief manuscript, which he forwarded to Linmens dur ing his incumbency as superintendent of the gardens at the Petit-Trianon, to which position he was appointed in 1739, he laid the foundation of the natural method of plant classification wcltieit was more fully elaborated by his nephew, Antoine Latin-IA.—Jost:en Jt ssuai (1704 79), brother of Antoine and Bernard. was edu eated for medicine, but became a learned botanist and noted engineer. In 1735 he accompanied an expedition to Peru, and stayed in South Amer ica collecting, natural history specimens until 1771, when he returned to France, having lost the greater part of his collection. Ile intro duced the heliotrope into France.—ANTOINE LAURENT DE JUSSIEU (1747-1830 was born in Lyons. and richly deserved the heritage left to him by his learned and disinterested rela tives. At the age of seventeen he began his botanical studies under his uncle Bernard. and four years later was nominated demonstrator and assistant, to Lemonnir, the professor of botany in the Jardin du Rol. Ile at once began to re form the arrangement of the gardens and collec tions of plants under his charge. and to apply
to them his own and his uncle's ideas in regard to the natural method. For thirty years he con tinued to develop his novel views; and when his Genera Ma rat ru in. which he began in 1778, was finally completed in 1789, the natural system was finally established as the true basis of botanical classification. In 171)3 he became professor of botany in the newly organized Jardin des Plantes, where he continued to teach till 1826. when blindness compelled him to resign his chair to his son Adrien. During his -tenure of office he founded the library of the museum, which is one of the best in Europe. Ills papers in the Inuoks du Museum (from 1804-20), and his articles in the Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturellcs, rank among the most N'aitinblo contributions to the literature of botany. and embody all the result of his O•D invest iga tions.—ADRIEN DE JUSSIEU (1797-1853) was born in Paris. For the degree of A.M. which he obtained in 1824. he presented a memoir of the Euphorbiacere which attracted wide attention and was followed by equally important monographs upon the Rutaceic. Meliace:r. and Malpighiaee:r. Ilis Embryo of the Monocotyledems (1844) was to have been followed by a series of papers on similar subjects, but ill health com pelled him to relinquish this project. He was also prevented by the same cause from extending his Coors elementairc de hotanique (1848) into a complete and general treatise. This was trans lated into other European languages. In 1831 he was elected a member of the Academy. and shortly before his death was nominated to the presidency of that body. He contributed many valuable papers; to the .1mm/es du !lfuseum, the Comptes Rendas, and the Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturrlle and other publications on natural sciences. Ilis influence as a lecturer was of great importance.