KARLSRTJHE, kiirls're. The capital of the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, situated a few miles east of the Rhine, 30 miles north northwest of Stuttgart (Map: Germany, C' 4). It is laid out in the form of an open fan, the streets radiating from the palace as a centre. The streets are wide and well paved, and adorned with many excellent monuments. The principal square is the Sehlossplatz. with six fountains and a statue of Grand Duke Charles Frederick. Karls ruhe has played a distinct and important r5le in the evolution of modern German arehitecture. Of the religious buildings, the most interesting, are the Evangelical Church (1817), containing the ducal tombs; the Roman Catholic Church (ISOS), built in the style of the Pantheon: and the early Gothie Liebfrauen Church (1S91). The palace, dating from 1750, is in the French :Man sard style, :Ind has a tower 1-IS feet high. The eastern wing contains the Ziihringen Museum and the ducal stables. At the western end. and connected with the palace by an arcade. is the Court Theatre, built in Romanesque style in 1851-53. 'The new palace of the Crown Prince is conspicuous. The educational institutions of Karlsruhe are comprehensive and excellent. They include in part a teehnic•al high school. school of forestry. the oldest institution of its kind in Germany, a gymnasium, three seminaries for teachers, an engineering school, a school of arehi lecture, a conservatory of music, and an art.
school with a museum. The Karlsruhe School of Art was founded in 1853, and has been in fluential in Germany. The Hall of Art contains an extensive and interesting collection of modern paintings, engravings. and frescoes. The United Grand Ducal comprise, Resides their historic library of 165.000 volumes, ethnological, zofilog,ical, geological, mineralogical, and anti quarian specimens. Karlsruhe is the seat of numerous scientific, artistic, and industrial or ganizations, benevolent institutions, and the higher administrative institutions of the grand duchy, and is the residence of the Grand Duke.
The manufacturing industries have attained considerable importance since the Franco-Prus sian War. Karlsruhe manufactures locomotives, machinery, wagons, syphons, stone wares, plated goods, paper, stoves, etc. The large trade of the town is facilitated by a canal system. Popu lation, in 1S90, 73,684; in 1900, 96.976; the greater part are Protestants. The rapid increase is due to the growth of trade and manufactures. Karlsruhe is the result of princely ill-humor. Margrave Karl Wilhelm, displeased with his resi dence at Durlach, built a hunting-palace in the Hardtwald in 1715, where the ducal palace of Karlsruhe now stands. After a few years it be came the residence town. In 1343 and 1349 it took a prominent part in the revolutionary move ments in the grand duchy.