KATSENA, A town in the north ern part of the Niger Territories, Central Africa, about 100 miles southeast of Wurno (slap: Africa, E 3). It was formerly an important town and capital of the province of the same name. It is surrounded by a high wall, hut its buildings are mostly in ruins. It began to decline as a re sult of the seven years' siege by the Fulabs in the beginning of the nineteenth century, from which it never recovered. Its population. once said to number 100,000. is now estimated at. 7500.
IATSt AWA, li!wA (e.1820-90). A ,Japanese statesman, horn at Shidznoka, in Snruga, province. A diligent student in youth, he made himself familiar with the literature of China, Japan. and Holland. lie commanded a company of soldiers in the army set to guard the country at the time of Perry's landing in 1854. in May, 1855, he was sent with others to Nagasaki to learn from the Dutch how to manage steam vessels. He made such progress that in 1861' he navigated the first .Japanese steamship
across the Pacific Ocean. and was active in hav ing built the first native man-of-war on foreign models. He advised against the Yedo Govern ment's attempting to chastise the Choshiu clan, in which disastrons campaign the prestige of the Tokugawa family was irretrievably ruined. In the civil war of 1868 his friendship with Saigo (q.v.) probably saved Yedo from being burned. Ilis life was several t at emitted by assas sins. lie retired to tillidzuoka with his master, the Shogun Keiki (q.v.), but he was later called by the Alikado to Tokio to become _Minister of the Navy Department. In 167 1 he opposed the prifj yet of war with Korea, and, resigning his office, gave himself to study. lie sent ninny young men as students to the United States. among them his own son to the Naval Aeademy at Annapolis. lie wrote a history of the modern Japanese navy.