KIEL, kel (OS. also Icy!). A town of the Province of Sehleswig-Holstein, Prussia, on a bay of the Baltic Sea, 70 miles north of Ham burg (Map: Prussia, D 1). It is the chief naval station of Germany. and consists of the old city, situated between the harbor and a pool called the Little Kiel, and the new city, composed largely of the suburbs of Diisternbrook, Brunswik, and \Tik. The naval station is situated on the east ern side of the harbor, near Ellerbek, directly opposite the old city. In this district are the Imperial shipyards, with two large basins, con nected by a canal; three shipways for the launch ing of newly built ships: four dry-docks; a float ing dock; and a haven for torpedo boats. To the southwest of the station arc various large private ship-building and iron works. The war harbor of Kiel is perhaps the best example of its kind. The fortifieations. consisting of the Friedrichsort and Falkenstein forts on the Schleswig side of the harbor. and four powerful shore batteries on the Holstein shore, are situated at a point about four miles north of the city, where the harbor is narrowest. Kiel has several handsome churches, the Nicholas Church dating from 1241. There are also a fine castle rebuilt in 183S, now a royal residence, several public gardens, and a zo(ilogical institute. The principal educational institution is the Christian-Albrecht University, founded in 1665, and attended by 1200 students. with a museum of antiquities, and a library con taining about 250,000 volumes. There are also a marine :leadenly and the naval school for of ficers. both supplying the German navy with trained men: the 7•mnasimn founded in 1320; a school for engineers; and the Thanlo• Museum, containing a collection of wood-carvings of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The most
important naval hospital of Germany is situ ated at Kiel.
The chief industry is ship-building, but there are also numerous establishments for the pro duction of heavy machinery of various kinds, safes, spirits, flour. soaps, etc. As a commercial centre Kiel is very important, having one of the best harbors in Europe, and being the east ern terminus of the great Kaiser-Wilhelm Canal, which connects the Baltic with the North Sea. The principal articles of commerce are cereals, coal. lumber. railroad ties, shingles, cement, dairy products, iron and steel ware, oil, talcum, matches, sugar, etc. The famous `Kieler Sprotte' industry (smoked sprats) is located at Ellerbek. Kiel holds an annual twelve-day fair which plays an important part in the trade of the province. The harbor and environs present a striking ap pearance. The town is governed by a city coun cil and an executive board of magistrates. There are a chief burgomaster and a burgomaster. he city owns the gas-works and an abattoir. Population, in 1890, 69,172; in 1900, 121,824, in cluding the town of Gaarden, incorporated with Kiel in 1901. Kiel was founded by Adolphus IV. of lIolstein, and was made a city in 1242. In 1284 it became a member of the Hanseatic League. By the Peace of Kid of 1814, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden.