KIU-KIANG, (Chin., Nine ers). A departmental city of the Province of Kiang-si, China, opened by treaty in 1861 as a place of foreign residence and trade. It. is situ ated on the right bank of the Yang-tse, about 130 miles southeast of llankow (q.v.), 445 above Shanghai, and 12 above the entrance to the Po yang Lake (Map: China, E 6). The circuit of the city is about five miles. The principal gates are those on the east and west. Outside the west gate lies the principal suburb, and to the west of this is the foreign settlement, which stretches along the Yang-tse for 500 yards, with a fine `hund' or esplanade along the river hank. Be hind the city and the settlement lie large shallow lakes. which in sonic places skirt the city walls, and to the west of the settlement flows a little river called the run. The native city presents no teature of special interest. It was taken by the Taiping rebels, and held by them for five years, and was utterly destroyed before they left it. The foreign population is small. There is an Episcopal church (the British Government hay ing formerly maintained a consular chapel here) and a Roman Catholic cathedral: and there are several successful Protestant missions. The set
Clement is managed by a municipal council elected by the land-renters, and is well laid out, lighted, drained, and waterbed. The climate is pleasant, though the heat in summer is frequent ly as high as 100' F. The trade is not extensive, owing largely to the up-stream distance from the entrance to the Po-yang Lake, the current being too strong for native c3•go-bonts to stew. In 1900 the total value of the trade was 811,791.56S, a falling off of over two millions from 1899, owing to the Boxer troubles. There is no direct foreign trade. Communication with the Po-yang ports is maintained by means of native-owned steam launches. The principal exports are tea, tobacco, rice, paper, grass-cloth, hemp, and chinaware; and the imilorts, cotton and woolen goods, metals, and opium. The grave of Chit in-tie, the philosopher (a.u. I I 30-1200 ) is SIION•II near by. The population was estimated in 1900 at 62,000.