KLAUSENBURG, klou'zen-farorK (Hung. Kolozsedr). A royal free town of Hungary. c ,p ital of the County of Klausenburg. and former capital of Transylvania (Map: Hungary. iI 3). It is situated on the Little Szamos. 123 miles by rail northwest of Hermannstadt. and consists of the old inner town and five suburbs. In one of the suburbs, on a hill covered with gypsy huts. rises the citadel erected by General Stein•ille in 1715. In the inner town are. a Roman Catholic cathedral. completed in the fifteenth century. a Reformed church built by Matthias Corvinus in 1486. and the house in which that King was born. The western suburb contains the botanical gar den. with an Italian villa and a museum. The chief educational institutions are the Francis Joseph University, founded in 1872. and hav ing four faculties with an attendance of 000 students, and a library of 70.000 volumes: two higher gymnasia. a Unitarian theological semi nary, an agricultural academy, a Frabel Insti tute. a girls' high school, and a number of spe
cial schools. The city has also a national theatre. and the chief scientific and art organizations of Transylvania. It is the seat of a Unitarian and of a Reformed bishop. The charitable institutions are noteworthy. Klausenburg has an extensive Government cigar factory, a number of dis tilleries, and ilour-mills, manufactures of farm machinery. a Government railway shop. factories of beet-sugar, cloth. paper. etc. The Transyl vania nobility frequent Klausenburg in winter. Gypsy hands furnish much of the music for the public parks in summer. The town was founded by German colonists in 1178. and became a free royal town in 1405. In 1848 it was captured by the Hungarian Revolutionists under Beni. Popu lation. in 1890. 34,858; in 1900, 49,295, mostly Protestant Magyars.