KLI3BER, kl:Vbite, JEAN BAPTISTE ( 1753 1800). A distinguished general of the French Republic. He was born at Strassburg, and after studying in the military academy at Munich, entered the Austrian army. lle abandoned the military career in 1783, returned to France. and worked as an'architect till the Revolution. Join ing the National Guard. lie rapidly, being made brigadier-general in 1793 for his services in the defense of 'Mainz. He fought bravely in Ln Vendh., and under Jourdan as general of division at Charleroi and Fleurus (1794). After beating the Austrians repeatedly, he retired to private life in 1797, after having for a brief time held the command of the French armies under the Directory. In 1798. however, he accompanied Bonaparte to Egypt. was dangerously wounded at the capture of Alexandria. but recovered so as to take part. in the expedition to Syria. and won the battle of Mount Tabor. When Bonaparte left Egypt he intrusted the chief command there to KhTher, who concluded a convention with Com modore Sidney Smith for the evacuation of the but on Admiral Keith's refusal to ratify this convention. adopting the hold resolu tion of reconquering the country. attacked and destroyed the Turkish army at Helinpolip. March 20, 1800, and retook Cairo. During au attempt to conclude a treaty with the Turks. Kleber was assassinated by a Turkish fanatic at Cairo. June
14, 1800. Consult Ernouf, l e gi mu rul Klacr I Paris, 18671.
KLEBS, ):]cps, EDWIN (1834-1. A German pathologist. horn at Minigsberg. He studied at the universities of Krmigsherg. \Viirzburg. Jena. and Berlin. in was appointed assistant to Virchow at Berlin. and in 1800 became professor of pathological anatomy at Bern. After service in the Franco-Prussian War, he held professor ships at Wiirzburg (1872-73), Prague (1873-82), and Zurich (1882-92). In 1895 he because di rector of a Pathological laboratory in Asheville. N. C. He returned to Germany and lived in Karlsruhe, later in Hanover. Ilis contributions to pathological science are very important. With Tomasi-Crudeli he am.ounced in 1879 the dis •overy of a bacillus of malaria, which was, how ever, later discovered to have no connection with that disease, whose cause was traced to the organism discovered by Laverau, another inves tigator. Ilis publications include: Handbuch der pa hologisehen .1 na tont ie ( 1867-S0) ; Heitriiye zur pathologisehen .1 no tontic der Sehussirunden (1872 ) ; Math( n ii her• die Verbreitung rlr.s K re tintsin us in Oesterrcieh (1877) ; 11 ricrac in.. Pa thologic ( ISS7-89 ) ; and Kausalc Behandlung der Dightherie ( 1894).