KNEELAND, neland, ABNER ( 1774-1844 ) . An American Deist. He was oorn at Gardner. April 6. 1774; and was first a Baptist preacher, then a Universalist. and finally a Deist. From 1821 to 1823 lie edited a Universalist peri odical in Philadelphia; in 1828 he edited the Ohre Branch in New York. and in 1830 founded in Boston the 1 nrest igator, a weekly expositor of his deistical views. He was also fin several years in Boston the instructor of a deistical society meeting in Julien Hall, where in 1830 William Garrison, when elsewhere prohibited. de livered his lectures against slavery. He died August 27, 1344. Among his publieations were: The Deist (18.2.2); Lectures on Unirc•sal tion(1824) : .4 Translation of the _V elr Testatn en (1822) ; and .4 Reciew of the Eridenres of Chris tianity (1829).
KNEErLAND, SAMUEL ( 1821.81;) . An Amer i•an naturalist and physician. born in 1Soston, :\lass. Ile was graduated from 1Tarvard Uni versity in 1840, from its medical school in 1843, and studied medicine two years in Paris. In
1815 he began the practice of medicine in Boston, lecturing also on anatomy in 'Harvard University. Ile became professor of zoOlogy and physiology in the Alassaclmsetts Institute of Technology in 1866 and also its secretary. During the Civil \Var he served as army surgeon. Kneeland traveled extensively for the study of earthquakes and volcanic phenomena in Brazil. Iceland, the Hawaiian Islands, through the copper region around Lake Superior, etc. in 1851 he edited with an introduction Smith's History of the Hu man Species, and from 1866 to 1369 edited the Annual of Scientific Discorery. lie contributed largely to scientific periodicals, and wrote nu inerous articles on zoological and medical sub jects for the American C'ycloperdia and the Yew .1 int•riosa C'yeloprflin. Ilis book-form publica tions include: ll'ondrr%• of the Yosemite ralley and of California (1871) ; An American in Ire land • (1876) ; and The Land of Hemp and Sugar.