KRUMMACHER, krvitentitc-t7r, FRIEDRICH Amax (1767-1845). A German theologian and a writer of devotional poetry and prose. born at Te•klenburg, July 13. 1707. Ile studied theology at Linger and Halle• taught in the high school at Hamm, was head of the high school at Mors, and became, in 1800. professor of theology it Duis burg. In 1807 he returned to the ministry, be came pastor at Kettwig, and in 1812 was called to Bernburg as general superintendent and higher Court preacher. He accepted a call to Bremen in 1824 and retired in 1813. His Parabeln (1805) soon became a religious classic and they have often been reprinted. They were first translated into English in 1825. For his life, consult his Seibstbiographir (Berlin, 1509): Maria Krum maeher, Unser Grossrater (Bielefeld. 1891 ) .—His son nut:much ( 1796-1808) became Court chaplain (1853) at Potsdam. He was a preacher of great eloquence, but a reactionary theologian. Many of his works have found
favor in translations in England. Among them are: Elias der Thishiter (18361; Elisa (1S39 42) ; and PaRsionsbuch (1850),S'alorno mind Sulamith (1827, 9th ed. 1875) was also very popular.
KRtiMMEL, krkmentel. OTTO ( 1S54—). A German geographer. best known for his work in oecanography. He was horn at Exin and was educated at Berlin and at Offttingen, where he was appointed docent of geography. He accepted a chair as professor at Kiel in ISS3. In 1839 he ac companied the Plankton Expedition. llis pub lications include: Die .iiquatorialen Ileeresstrii ntuoyen des thintischen Oceans (1877); Der ocean (2d ed. 1902) ; Die Beweynnysfortnen des ileers (ISS7 ) ; Die lleisebesehreibung der Plank tone-spedition (1892) ; and (Jebel. Gezeitentrcllen (1897).