LAHORE. The capital of the Punjab. Brit ish India, and of a district and division of the same name in latitude 31° 36' N. and lonei hide 74° IS' E., on the left hank of the Ravi River. and on the Northwestern Railway, 32 miles west of Amritsar (Map: India. B 2). It is the residence of the Lieutenant-Governor and the seat of a bishopric- Lahore consists of a native town surrounded by a wall 15 feet high, pierced by thirteen gates, and of a European extension comprising Naulakha on the east and Anarkalli and Donald Town on the south, to gether with Meean Meer, the extensive military cantonment. three miles southeast. The streets of the native city are narrow and gloomy, and the houses in general are insignificant; but the bazaars are well furnished, wells are abundant, and there arc numerous fine gardens, mosques, palaces, tombs, and ruins of bygone splendor and prosperity. The great citadel stands in the northwest corner. From 1S49 to 1863 the city underwent considerable improvement; the walls were reduced in height, and the surrounding moat was tilled and formed into a pleasant promenade and speedway, with gardens which girdle the city. Wide streets and good roads communicate with the European quarter and the surrounding country. In Anarkalli are found the Government offices, town hall, court-house, post-office, Victoria Jubilee Hall, Government training college, Roberts Institute, library mu seum, school of arts. .Mayo Hospital, banks, and bazaars. The Government House, the cathedral, Lawrence and Montgomery halls, the Punjab Chieftains' University, Punjab Club. the Agri Horticultural Gardens, Lawrence Gardens. jail, penitentiary, and race-course fare situated in Donald Town. Lahore is an important junction for the Northwestern Railway line to Peshawar, and the southwestern line to Karachi. The sta
tion and railway workshops are situated at Naulaklia. which has communication with the native city by a street railway. The railway workshops cover 126 acres, and employ over 2000 men, who are comfortably housed, and have a church, recreation ground, theatre, and swim ming bath provided for them.
Lahore is noted for its carpets, has manufac tures of silk end woolen goods. pottery, arms. and jewelry, and carries on an extensive import trade. It is a progressive municipality, and owns the water-works. The cantonment is sup plied with water from the Bari Doab Canal, which separates it from the city. A huge em bankment four miles long protects the city from the inundations of the Ravi. The great an tiquity of the native city is demonstrated by the varying levels of its buildings, the most an cient ranging from 7 to 12 feet below those of successive eras built and raised upon the sites of former structures. The reputed founder of Lahore is Lava, or Loh, one of the sons of Rama. In the twelfth century it was the capital of the dynasty of the Gliaznavids. It was destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1241, and rebuilt in 1269. It suffered from Timur's invasion at the end of the fourteenth century, and in 1522 came into the possession of Daher, one of his descendants. Time chief era of Lahore's prosper ity was the reign of Akhar (1550-1605). under whom Christianity flourished for a period at Lahore. In 1758 the Sikhs obtained possession of the city, and later. under the redoubtable Ran jit Singh. became masters of the Punjab. Anar chy followed his death in 1839. and an invasion of British territory resulted in war and the Brit ish occupation of Lahore in 184G. Population, in 1891. 176,854: in 1901, 120.058.