11 ANU MAN, SACRED, OR ENTELLUS M ONKEY.— The typical and most familiar of these monkeys is the hanuman ( SCM7lopitheens entellus), to Which the native name 'langur' originally applied. Its proper home is in the northern half of penin sular India—the valley of the Ganges and thence to Bombay. The body is about two feet long, and the tail half as long again, so that the total length is nearly five feet. (See Plate of M ONKEYS or Tit F. OLD WORLD.) The movements are not quick and restless, as in most monkeys, but rather slow end sedate; yet it is able to make prodigious leaps. and fatal fights sometimes happen when two troops meet and quarrel over proprietary rights in feeding grounds, or seek to capture one another's fema4es. This monkey is held in superstitious reverence by the northern Ilindus; it is often to be seen exhibiting impudent famili arity in the precincts of temples; indeed. temples are often specially dedicated to it, and licApitals are erected for its reception when sick or wound ed. The Hindu peasant, when his garden is plundered or his house robbed by troops of them, fears, as an net of sacrilege, to drive them away, but he is grateful to any one else who will do so, and the veneration is steadily weakening as Euro pean influence spreads. (See IIim'ntAN.) These monkeys are of great assistance to the tiger hunters. Blanford describes how, safely en
sconced in a lofty tree, or jumping from one tree to another as the tiger moves, the monkey, by gesture and cry—a- guttural note, very different from its ordinary joyous and often musical whoop—points out the position of his enemy in the thickets or grass beneath, seeming to recog nize the hunter as an ally to be assisted in a warfare against a common foe. The familiar ways and easily studied habits of these sacred monkeys have been well detailed in Kipling,. Beast and Man in India (London, 1891).
A very closely related species of langur dwells in the Himalayas, between 5000 and 12,000 feet of elevation, and is often seen dashing about among snow-laden branches. They gather into large troops in the autumn, and then become a nuisance to hunters by alarming the game as soon as they catch sight of a man with a gun. Another species inhabits the still higher ranges of Tibet. In Southern India and Ceylon several species exist in large numbers, and are so bold and familiar about the villages that were they not harmless they might be a serious menace to the people. These are often called `wanderoos' (q.v.) indiscriminately, and are all held more or less 'sacred' by the Hindus.