KALCKREUTH, STAXISLAUS, Count ( 1821 94). A German painter, born at Kozmin (Posen). From 1840 to 1845 he was a lieu tenant in the First Guards Regiment, stationed at Potsdam, where he was a pupil of Wegener. He then resigned from the service, and studied under Krause in Berlin and Schirmer at the Dusseldorf Academy. His earlier works obtained for him from Frederick William 1V. of Prussia an appointment, as professor and the small gold medal. He founded the art school which was opened at Weimar in 18G0, and was its director until 1876. Subsequently he established himself at Krenznach, and in 1883 at Munich. Ex tensive travels, particularly in the Alps and the Pyrenees, enabled him to acquire valuable material for his numerous pictures of mountain scenery. These—espeeially so the Alpine views— are notable for their breadth of manner and skillful light and shade effects. They promi nently include: "Lac de Gaube" (1855), "Cani gai Valley" (1856). "Rosenlaui Glacier" (1S78), all in the National Gallery, Berlin; "Lake in the Pyrenees" (1 S5S, K6nigsberg Museum). The
Orangery, near Potsdam, also contains a series of twenty-tive landscapes by him.
KALE (Scotch variant of tole, AS. cairl, Icel. Pal, oliG. PO, choli, Ger. Kohl, cabbage, from Lat. caulis, cabbage, Gk. KauX6s, Panics, stalk; connected with Lat. earns, Gk. KoFX0s, koilos, hol low), or BORECOLE (Ger. Kohl). A cultivated variety of Brassica oleracea, differing from cab bage in the open head.; of leaves, which are used for culinary purposes and also as food for cattle. There are many subvarieties. Most of the kinds are biennial, like the cabbage, but some may be reckoned perennial, as the Milan kale (ehou de Milan), and are frequently propagated by cut tings. • Kale is much cultivated as a winter vegetable. The mode of cultivation nearly agrees with that of cabbage. For illustration, see Plate of CABBAGE.