LAUZUN, ANTOINE NOMPAR DE CA U MONT. Duke de (11133-1723). A French soldier, horn in lie came to Court about 1669, and won the favor of the young Louis NIT. by his energy, shrewdness. and a certain swashbuck ling carriage that differed favorably from the common courtier's demeanor. The King made him captain of the musketeers, Governor of Ber ry. and marilehal-de-eamp. and promised him the mastership of the ordnance. The favorite': over bearing conduct brourrht him a term in the Bas tille, but he was soon released and mollified with the command of the army in Flanders (1671). Louis intended to marry Lauzun to Mlle. de Montpensier, La Grande Mademoiselle, grand I daughter of Henry IV., hut Court intrigues seem to have prevented the marriage. though there is some authority for believing that a secret mar riage did take place some two years later. The enmity of _lime. de 3lontespan sent Lauzun to the prison again at Pignerol in 1671, and there he stayed till 1676. when he was released and banished. In 1660 he obtained permission to re turn to Paris. He went to England in 1688. returning in the same year after the Revolution.
escort to James H.'s Queen and infant SOD. Louis restored him to partial favor. In 1680 he led a French force to Ireland, and fought for James II. in the disastrous battle of the Boyne
in 1690. In 1692 lie became duke, and three years later married Mlle. de Durford, a girl of sixteen. LAVA ( it., stream). Molten rock material which is poured out at the surface of the earth either from volcanoes or in fissure eruptions. Fissure eruptions, while not numerous, have been exceptionally extensive, as in the Deccan of India, and the Snake River plains of the North western United States. Siliceous lavas usually have a pasty or ropy consistency. and flow slug gishly. while basaltic lavas are usually fluid and flow freely. The former build up volcanic cones of steep slopes, as in Central France. whereas basaltic lavas form volcanic cones of gentle 1 slopes like those of Etna or the Hawaiian rol canoes. Some lavas decompose and disintegrate with amazing rapidity and form a fertile soil for the vine. Others. but slightly different in coin ' position, present for centuries a firm unyielding surface to the elements. Lavas may be either compact or vesicular. slaggy, scoriaceous, or pumiceous. See IGNEOUS ROCKS; BASALT; DIKE; VOLCANO.