LYONS, COUNCILS OF. The name applied to two synods received as ecumenical by the Roman Catholic Church. The first was held in 1245 by Innocent IV. (q.v.). largely for the purpose of discussing the questions at issue between th. Pope and the Emperor Frederick TT.. who had driven the Pontiff from Rome. Innocent pre sided, and the patriarchs of Aquileia, Antioch, and Constantinople, the Emperor Baldwin II. of Constantinople, and representatives of several sovereigns were present. Definite provision was made tor the support of the Latin Empire in the East, the relief of oppressed Christians in the Holy Land, aml the defense of Christendma against the :Mongol A ,o1c11111 of deposition was pronounced again.), Frederick II. on several grounds, in spite of a vigorous defense by his representative. Thaddiens of Su essa. The second Council of Lyons was convoked by Gregory N. immediately after his accession, and met in Slay, 1274. The Latin patriarch; of Antioch and Constantinople were present, and Saint Bonaventura was among the cardinals un til his death in duly, two days before the last session. The must important object aimed at
was a re•onciliathai of the Eastern and Western Churches. This seemed to have been attained when representatives of the Greek bishops and Emperor acknowledged the primacy of the Ro man See, the double procession of the lloly Ghost (sec FimoquE), and the developed doctrine of purgatory. After a Tc unt of thanksgiving, the Pope intoned the creed in T.atin. and the Greek deputies sang it in Greek, repeating twice the article "who proceedeth from the Father and the Son." 'the attempted reunion, however, soon proved illusory (see and no important service was rendered to the Christians of the Holy Land. Some disciplinary canons were passed, as well as regulations for Papal elections.