LOCKWOOD, .JAMES BOOTH ( 1S52 -S4 ) An American Arctic explorer, born at Annapolis. Md., where his father, Gen. H. H. Lockwood (q.v.) , was a professor in the United States Naval Academy. He was educated at Bethle hem, Pa.. and at Saint John's College, Annapolis, was a surveyor for several years, and in October, 1873. received a commission as second lieutenant in the Regular Army. For the next seven years he served in the \\ est. being detailed on Gov ernment surveys and the construction of tele graph lines. In 1881 he accompanied Adolphus W. Greely (q.v.) as second in command on his expedition to Lady Franklin Bay. and his magnetic observations were among the most im portant results achieved by the expedition. On April 3. 1882, with eight men on sledges. he started on his famous trip to the North Green land coast, reaching Cape Britannia on Slay 5.
and thence proceeding northward over land and ice. and reaching. on Slay I3th. the land called in his honor Lockwood Island, iu latitude 83° 24', the nearest point to the pole which had been reached up to that time. He re turned to his companions at Fort Conger on June 17th. haying traveled a distance of 1069 miles in sixty days, and added 125 miles of coast line to the map of Greenland. Be attempted in the following year to attain a more northerly point. hut failed. Later, in 1883, with Brainard, be crossed Grinnell Land, but the privations of the hard winter of 1883-84 told on his health, and he died at Cape Sabine in the following April. Consult: Lanman, Farthest North (New York, 1885). and the official Reports on the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (Washington. 1887).