MAGRU'DER, JOHN BANRIIEAD (1S10-71 ) An American soldier, horn at Winchester, Va. He graduated at West Point in 1S30. and was assigned to the Seventh Infantry, but was trans ferred the next year to the artillery. Ile served at various Eastern garrisons, became first lieu tenant in 1S3G, took part in the Florida War of 1837-38, and in the military occupation of Texas in 1845-40, and in 1846 was promoted to be a captain. During the Mexican War he was brevetted major (April, 1847) and lieutenant colonel (September. 1847) for gallantry at Cerro Gordo and Chapultepcc respectively. He was in garrison in Washington in 1801, and resigned from the National service to become colonel in the Confederate Army. His first command was that of the artillery around Richmond. After winning the battle of Big Bethel he was pro moted to be brigadier-general in June, and be came major-general in October. While in com mand of the district of Yorktown he prepared the fortifications across the Peninsula of Yorktown, and with twelve thousand men defended a line thirteen miles long against McClellan's entire army during the month of April, 1S62. In the
Seven Days' Battles he commanded the Confed erate left wing, and attacked at Savage's Station and Malvern Hill. He was then appointed to the new Trans-Mississippi Department, but this command was reduced to Texas alone. On Jan uary 1. 1801 he recaptured Galveston. drove off the blockading squadron, and succeeded in keep ing the port open. New Mexico and Arizona were added to his department. At the close of the war he joined the army of Maximilian in Mexico as major-general and served until the Empire fell. For a time he lectured on his ex periences in Mexico, but settled at Houston, Texas, in 1869.