LEUTZE, loit'se, EMANiEL ( IS I 6-6S). A German-American historical painter of the Diis seldorf school. He was born in Gemiind, temberg, May 24, 1816. His parents came to the United States, settling first in Philadel phia, then at Fredericksburg. Va. Ile received his first instruction in art from J. A. Smith, a portrait painter, in Philadelphia. In 1840 one of his pictures attracted attention and procured him several orders, which enabled him to go to Dussel dorf, where he studied with Lessing. In 1342 he went, to Munich. studying the works of Cor nelius and Kaulbach, and the following year he visited Venice and Rome. In 1845 he returned to Diisseldo•f and was married. making his home there for fourteen years. He devoted himself to American, Spanish. and English historical sub jects, especially to the famous series of pictures of the Revolution, of which "Washington Cross ing the Delaware" is the finest. In 1859 be re turned to the United States; in 1860 be received the commission for the fresco on the stairea-e of the Capitol at Washington, entitled "Westward the Star of Empire Takes Its Way." In 1860 he was elected a member of the National Academy.
He died in Washington, D. C., July IS, 186S, leaving several large cartoons for the decoration of the Senate Chamber.
Leutze is more famous for the subjects than for the technical qualities of his paintings. His color is often crude and his drawing academic, yet his composition is good and his figures show a high power of individualization. The most portant works are: "Columbus Before the cil of (1841). purchased by the seldorf Art Union: "Columbus in Chains" (1842) ; "Columbus Before the Queen:" inn of the Norsemen in America," Pennsylvania Academy. Philadelphia : "Cromwell and Ili. Daughter:" "The Court of Queen "Henry VIII. and Anne (1S58); "The and_ "ashington at Monmouth:" "Washington at the Battle of Monongahela ;" "News from Lexington ;" "Washington at Prince ton ;" "Lafayette in Prison at Olmiltz visited by his 0861) ; "Westward Ho:" por traits of Washington. Lincoln, Grant, and Gen eral Burnside; "Washington Crossing the Dela ware" (1851-52), Metropolitan :Museum, New York, and Kunsthalle, Bremen.