LHERZOLITE, ler'zi'elit (named from Lherz, in the Pyren•es): An igneous rock of the peri diitite (q.v.) family. of which the essential min erals are unitise, diallage, and an orthorhombic pyroxene.
tlt-ILLAt-NIE-FRANcols ANTOINE' DE, M :Mill is de Sainte-Mesme and Comte d'Ent reniont ( 1661-1704 ). A French mathematician, horn in Paris, the son of Gen. Anne-Alexandre de L'I16pital. Ile early dis played remarkable mathematical ability, solving at the age of fifteen certain problems on theeyeloid proposed by Pascal. For a short time. he studied with Johann Bernoulli, when the latter was iu Paris. He entered the army and served for some time as captain of cavalry, but his extreme myopia compelled him to relinquish his chosen profession. The rest of his life was devoted to mathematics. Ile was one of the first to put into intelligible language the Leihnitzian theory of the calculus. In 1693 he was made honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, and soon thereafter added to his reputation by a untidier of important discoveries in the new analysis. He found the curve whose tangents, terminated by the axis, are proportional to the segments of the axis intercepted between the curve and the tan gent. solved the problem of the braehisto•hrone. His first great work, and the first treatise to popularize the new calculus, was the Analyse des infiniment petits your rintelligenee des lignes courbes (1696, and numerous subsequent edi tions). Ile died of apoplexy before the publi cation of his second work, Traite analytique des sections coniques (1707; English ed. 1723). His memoirs on mathematical subjects are to be found in the Peened de P.4eadentic des seienees (1699-1701), and in the _Wei Eraditorum (1693-99).
L'HoPITAL, Mtcntl. DE ( 1507-73). A French statesman, born at Aigneperse. in Au vergne. lle was the on of the Constable de Bourbon's physician. Implicated in the disgrace of the Constable, young L'llApital was imprisoned for a time in 1523. but eventually escaped to Italy, where at Padua and Bologna he completed the law studies begun at Toulouse, and accepted a civil office at the Papal Court in Polite. On returning to France. in 1537. he soon became a counselor in the Parlement of Paris. and was employed on various diplomatic missions, and through successive offices he gradually rose to lie Chancellor of France in 1500. It was with the
aid of Catharine de' Medici. and in opposition to the Guises, that he was thus elevated, and the policy he inaugurated was one of tolerance and conciliation toward the Huguenots. The Prince of Con& was pardoned; meetings of the Notables and of the :States-General were held; and the im portant ordinance of Orleans (1561) marked a :step forward in the development of the State in that it abolished tile Concordat of Francis 1.. did away with many feudal abuses, and reformed the judiciary. On the accession of Charles IX., in I560, L'HApital obtained pardon for many of the condemned Huguenots, and in September, 1561, arranged the famous conference at Poissy be tween leading Catholic and Protestant theologians for the purpose of effecting a reconciliation be tween the two parties. The contending factions, however. failed to come to any agreement. and the failure of the conference only widened the breach and made recourse to arms inevitable. During the civil war that followed, L'Ilepital con tinued his administrative reforms, and in 1566 put forth the Ordinanee of Moulins, which was designed to protect the royal domains and to reform the magistracy and courts of France. Two years later the great Chancellor was forced from active office by the change in the policy of Catharine de' Slediei and the hatred of the Guises and the Ultramontanes. lie quitted the Court in Slay, 1568. but it was not until February 1, 1573. that he was compelled to resign the Chan cellorship. He died March 13, 1573. Ile was an author of some note, and wrote Latin verses. His works. which were published under the title tEurres complf;tes de Michel de L'Ilopital (5 vols.. Paris, 1824), edited by Dupuy de l'Yonne, contain much that is of interest for the history of France in the sixteenth century. For his life, consult: Villemain. Vic de (Paris, 1874) ; Dnpre-Lasale. Michel de Ullopital (Paris. 1875) ; Seitte, amitre de in tolerance au XViemc Michel do (.11oniau ban, 1891) ; Fournier de Flail. L'Ilopital, son temps of sn politique (Paris. 1900).
LI, The name of a Chinese measure of length. The li = .77 kilometer = .358 (rather more than one-third) English mile.