The first agenda of the Lutheran Church in America was the work of H. M. Muehlenberg in 1747. At present either 'The Church Book' of 1891 or `The Common Service' of 18SS is used: hut neither of these is rigidly enforced. Both of them represent a return to the earlier type of the sixteenth century.
Zwingli set forth a communion service for the Reformed Church in 1525, which was to be used once a year in Holy Week. This was the liturgy used at Zurich as late as 1675. The form of liturgy recommended by Calvin is found in his Manner of Celebrating the Lord's Supper. After the sermon there was a long prayer. including a petition for the worthy reception of the sacra ment; then followed: (a) The Scripture lesson I. Cor. xi. 25-29; (b) an address warning all to examine themselves: (e) the communion. the ele ments given with a formula—during the reception Psalm cxxxviii. is sung; the celebration closes with (d) the prayer of thanksgiving. (el Song of Simeon, and (I) the blessing. The service is that now used in the Reformed Church of Amer ica, and was introduced in a modified form into Scotland by John Knox in his Book of Common Order, and used until his death. This book gave great, latitude for extempore prayer. Besides the office for the holy • it contained vari ous other services and alternate form,. In 1644 the Westminster Assembly adopted the Directory of Public Worship, in which the office for the holy communion is stripped almost entirely of its liturgical form, and room is made for the minister to use his own efanposdions. The com municants sit instead of kneeling at the Lord's rabbi:. The minister reads the words of institu tion. then offers a prayer of blessing. and dis tributes the bread and wine with a formula. After
all have communicated the minister is to give solemn thanks to God.
The form of communion service used in the churches of the Anglican communion is found in the Book of Common Prayer of these churches. In character it occupies a ground between the liturgies of the Reformed and Lutheran churches on the one side and the Roman on the other. This service was first printed in 1549, and has been revised a number of times both in its English and Ameriean forms. The most marked peculiar ity of the American form is 1111P to the intluen•e of the Scottish Nonjurors' office. See PRAYER BooK, COMMON.
Beginning with the Oxford movement in Eng land in the first half of the nineteenth century there has been a remarkable revival in the study of liturgies both in England and America, and many Christian bodies have shown an increasing tendency to introduce liturgical forms into their services.
Bud.tocRAPIIY. Hammond, Liturgics. Eastffn and irrsdern (Oxford. 1578; new ed. by Bright man, 1890 seq.) ; Rietscbel. Lehrbuch der Liter gik (Berlin. 1900) ; Daniel, Codex Liturgirus (I vols.. Leipzig. 18-17-54 ) : Rena Iola. Colleen() Lituryiarum Orientalium (Paris, 1716; new ed., Frankfort. 1847) : Swainson, Thr Greek LiturgiFs (London. 1884) ; Weale. Bibtiottit'que Uturgique (Paris. 187S) ; id.. Am-atm-eta Liturgica 1888 92 ) ; Neale, Liturgies ( London. I titisl) : Robert son, The Divine and Sacred Liturgies of Chrysos lOnt and Basil the Great (ilL, ISSO Malan, Original Documents of time Coptic Church (He, 18721: Wobbermin, Altehristliehr aus der Kirchc .tcyyptcns (Leipzig, 18991 : Neale and Forbes. Ancient Liturgies of the Gallica,' Church. (Burntisiand. I555) ; Maskell. Monumenta Ritu alio Ereleske Angliemar (London, 1S65).