LONG PARLIAMENT. The famous fifth Parliament of Charles 1., which met November 3, l(340. having been summoned for the purpose of raising supplies to carry on war against his rebellious Scotch subjects. It impeached and executed Strafford (q.v.) and Laud (q.v.), abolished the Star Chamber (q.v.), the High Commission (q.v.), and other arbitrary courts, declared ship-money to be illegal, prohibit ed the collection of tonnage and poundage without Parliamentary grant. passed a Tri ennial Act (q.v.), and provided against its dissolution or prorogation without its own con sent. The members were unanimous in these con,titutional reforms. but they speedily divided into parties upon the question of the reorgani zation of the English Church, the Cavaliers sup porting the King and the bishops. The Irish insurrection of 1041 necessitated the raising of an army, and the dispute as to its control led (1642) to the Civil War, in which the Parliament Was successful against the King. In order to secure the support of the Scots, it adopted the Solemn League and Covenant ( see COVENANTS) , and in troduced Presbyterianism (see CREEDS AND CON FESSIONS ) , the Cavalier members having with drawn on the outbreak of the war. The army, however. had become the stronghold of the Inde pendents, whom the Parliament was anxious to crush by force. In order to he free to disband
the army. Parliament made such eonees,ions to Charles in the Treaty of Newport (10481 as seemed to the army a surrender of the results of the war. The army therefore interfered and expelled by force about ninety-six Presbyterian members, leaving fifty or sixty members, after wards known as the 'Rump' (q.v.). which ex ecuted the King and established the Common wealth, but was in turn expelled by Cromwell in 11153. During the disorders which followed Cromwell's death, the 'Rump' was recalled for a short time in 1659 and again in December or the same year, to which the expelled Presbyterian members were added on February 21, 1660. The Long Parliament thn, restored issued writs for a new election and voted It own dissolution on March 16, 1661). Consult: Parliwwntary Ilts• tory (36 vols., London, 1806-20) ; i1ardiner. Eng lish, History, 160.3-)! ( lo vols., London and New York. IS:83-84) ; id., Tine (lout Piet! War vols., London and New York, 1901 1 ; Firth. Cromwell i London and New York, 1901) ; Firth, (nicer Cromietll and the Rule of the Puritwis in England (London and New York, ItnnO. See CHARLES 1.; CRUM WELL. I /LIN ER.