LOUGHBOROUGH, Ifirbfir-8. A manufac turing and market town in Leicestershire, Eng land, 12 miles northwest of Leicester and the sec ond place of importance in the county (Map: England, E 4). Its chief buildings are the re stored parish church dating from the fourteenth century, the building of the richly endowed gram mar school, founded in 1495, and the town hall and corn exchange. It is the railway centre of a rich agricultural district and has a fine market place. The town has undergone much modern im provement, and owns its water, gas, and electric. lighting, parks, markets, allotment gardens and charities. The town utilizes its waste; it burns the garbage in special destructors which generate steam for the pumps of the sewage works, the sewage being utilized on farms. The town also supports a free library, provides tech nical instruction in arts and sciences, and with its numerous endowed schools has exceptional educational advantages. Hosiery and lace are its principal manufacturers; it has iron foundries, and a bell foundry whence came the great bell (171 tons) of Saint Paul's, London. There are also machine shops, electrical works, etc. Lough borough dates from before the Norman Conquest, and the town and manor were bestowed upon Hugh Lupus by William I. It is mentioned in Domesday Book as Lucteburne. Population, in 1891, 18,196; in 1901, 21,500.
LOUIS I., 1(.11's or M'i; Fr. pron. 1(.75'6', THE PIOUS (called by the French lc Ddbonnuire, i.e. 'tender-hearted to the point of weakness') (778 840). Roman Emperor and King of the Franks from S14 to 340; youngest son of Charles the Great. His elder brothers having died, he suc ceeded his father in S14. Although not desti tute of ability. his lack of energy and de cision finally resulted in the dissolution of the Empire of Charles the Great. In 817 he ap
portioned the empire among his three sons, Lothair. Pepin. and Louis, to take etiect after his death, but lie had Lothair crowned as Em peror. The others were dissatisfied, while Ber nard, a nephew of Louis, who had been made King of Italy by Charles the Great, finding him self threatened by the new arrangement, revolted. The Emperor, getting Bernard into his power, put out his eyes, Bernard dying soon after as a result of his mutilation. In his remorse the Emperor did public penance and wished to enter a monastery, but yielded to the importunity of his advisers and in 319 married a second wife, Judith of Bavaria, who in S23 bore him a son, known in history as Charles the Bald. In 829, in the interest of this son, he proposed a new divi sion of the Empire; but to this the elder sons, Lothair, Louis, and Pepin, objected, and the result was a state of disorder which lasted during the remainder of the Emperor's life. Twice was the father taken prisoner. and deposed by his sons lin 830 and, in 833, on the famous Field of Lies) ; but Lothair, by his ambition incurred the hostility of his brothers, who conspired to restore their father to the throne. Pepin died in S33, and Louis made a new division the following year in favor of Lothair and Charles, leaving only Bavaria to Louis, and excluding the son of Pepin. Against this arrangement Louis revolted, and was joined by the son of Pepin. In the midst of the war the Emperor died near Ingelheim. He was buried at Metz. Consult: Simson, Jahr biicher des friinkischen linter Ludwig dent From men (Leipzig. 1S62-65) ; Diimmler, G e schichte des ostfriinkischen Reichs (2d ed., Leip zig, 1337-S3).