LUCCA, Inlekft. A famous and charming city of Italy, in the Province of Lucca, Tuscany, 15 miles northeast of Pisa (Map: E 4). It was formerly the capital of the Principality of Lucca. It is a medieval, multi-colored town, situated in a productive plain, and surrounded by fortifications which form a popular place of promenade. The streets are narrow and crooked. The city is somewhat important in the history of medi:rval architecture, as seen in its churches; and the sculptures of its citizen Civitali draw many connoisseurs. The celebrated Roman esque Cathedral of San Martino, erected in the latter part of the eleventh century, has been often restored and in the Gothic style. Its rich facade dates from 1204, and together with the highly ornamented vestibule is one of the chief attractions. Some of the re fiefs arc by NiecolO Piano, The interior (91 yards in length) is also notable, with paint ings by Ghirlandajo, and a beautiful Madonna by Era Bartobau7vo. it also contain, a rare pulpit, a small marble chapel (il Tempietto) with sacred contents, shown thrice a year, and the 'Pisan Cross,' in silver, captured from the Pisans. Another tine church is the IlasiIlea San Frediano, dating from early medi:cval times, and posse,,ing offer twenty antique columns. It was restored in 1827. The facade is of the twelfth century. Among the contents are noteworthy paintings by Francesco Francia and Jacopo del•i Quereia.
The Palazzo formerly the ducal residence, was begun about. 1580 and never fin ished. It is situated on the Piazza Napoleone and possesses a good picture gallery, with worthy examples of Giulio Itomano and Era Bartolom meo. There are several palaces of medieval noble families. The city market stand; on the interesting remains of a large Roman amphi theatre. Lucca has two academies of science, literature, and art, one of them founded at the close of the seventeenth century. It, four li braries . possess rare :MSS. and editions. The public library has over 125,000 Among the public monuments are a statue of Garibaldi and a bust of Mazzini. Owing to the thrift and industry of its inhabitants. the city has long been called Lucca l'industriosa. It is especially known for its silk manufactures. Velvet, and other textiles are also produced, and there are foundries and glass and paper factories. The town has an active trade. Lucea is the seat of an archbishop. The environs are very attractive and abound in villas, the most prontinent of which is the royal Villa di Slarlia. n, the south is a majestic aqueduct with some 450 arches. A few miles north is the famous Bagni-di-Lucca (10%). The population of Lucca (commune) in 1901 was 74.971.