LUCIUS, The' name of three popes.
Lucius 1. Pope probably from June 25, 253, to March 5, 254. That he was banished for a time is evident from a letter of Cyprian in emigrant lation upon his release from exile. The asser tion that he died a martyr's death eannot, bo proved. From Cyprian it appears that he wa-s in favor of the restoration to the Church of the lapsed who fell away from the faith under heathen persecution. Consult Lipsins, Chronolo yie der r6rni.sehen Bisehqe Lis our des rierten Jahrhunderts (Kiel. I569).
Lucius II. Pope 1144-45. Gherard (la Caeciana michi. Ile first appears prominently in 1124-30 as cardinal-presbyter of Santa Croce and legate of Honorius II. to Germany. In 1130 be became a partisan of Innocent II., who at Honorius's death was elected Pope, against the -Antipope Anaeletus 1I. He was rewarded by appoint ment a. librarian and chancellor of the Holy See. He succeeded IL as Pope, but proved unequal to the difficulties re-ultrnt from the confused state of affairs at Itseae. A re volt broke out. Giordano Pierlenne, its leader, was chosen patricius. and a new Senate was elected (L'enoratio saeri senatus). Lucius was asked to relinquish his exalted rights and privi leges. and content himself with the tithes and
oblations of a bishop of the primitive Church. He refused, vainly sought aid from the Emperor Conrad iII.. and finally enlisted the Frangipani, enemies of Pierleone. in his behalf, hut died be fore the decision of the contest.
Lucius III. Pope I1S1-85, Ubaldo Allueingoli. During his pontificate the struggle was con tinued for the great estates bequeathed by the Countess Matilda of Tuscany to the Holy See (11151 and contested by the Emperor Frederick Batharossa. Lucius replied to an offer of com promise from the Emperor by demanding the immediate surrender of the estates. 'this Fred erick. with the existence of the Empire in Cen tral Italy at stake. refused. A conference held at Verona in October, 1 hS4. resulted in nn solution. Frederick. however. acceded to the Pope's request to begin preparations for a cru sade to rescue Palestine from Saladin. Lucius was expelled from Rome through insurrection. and although he obtained money from England to maintain warfare against his opponents, after wards resided mainly at Verona.