LUCKNOW, Ifik'nou. The capital of Oudh, British India, on the right bank of the Gumti. 42 miles northeast of Cawnpore. and 675 miles northwest of Calcutta by rail (Map: India, D 3). The river here, spanned by three bridges, one of iron, is navigable for several miles above the town, and below to the Ganges. The city is 360 feet above the sea. From a distance it has an imposing appearanee. with its domes. minaret,. and pinnacles, but the impression is diminished on a nearer inspection by the squalor of its numerous narrow streets and the mean dwellings of the poorer natives. The chief public buildings are the Junta Slusjid or great mosque, the Kaiser Bagh, Chattar Manzi] and Farhat Baksh palaces. and the royal mausolea. including the linambara, built by Asa fudaulah within the Machchi Bhawan or great fort, the latter noted for its splendid western entrance, the Rumi Darwazah or Constantinople Gate. Considerable improve ments were effected in the sanitary conditions during the latter half of the nineteenth cen tury. and the city took control of the water wo•ks. Among the educational institutions is a college for half-caste children, situated in the Martiniere, a pretentious building erected by Claude Martin. a French private soldier who rose to power and wealth under the British and native governments. The Canning College. founded in 1864. and affiliated to the University of Alla hahad, has five departments; there are also an observatory, an interesting nmsetun, hospital, and dispensary, and various European mission churches and schools. The manufacture of nuts
lins, lace, gold and silver brocade, shawls, and velvets is carried on; large railway workshops have been established here. and 1:mknow ha, an trade in grain. raw cotton. tim ber. iron. and the general product- of the prov ince. Although Lueknow is conspicuous absence of :Intiquitics, it is understood to be older than any other of the great Indian cities, and is said to have been founded by Lakshinana, brother of Rama. From 1775 it was the capital of the Kingdom of (ma until the annexation by the British. During the mutiny of 1S57 Lu•know surpassed every other station in the energy and obstinacy of the defense by the Brit ish garrison against the insurgent:. intrenched in the Resideney, now one of the show plaees of the city, for twelve weeks 1700 men held out against a besieging force of over 10,000. until in September by new troop: under Generals Havelock and Ontrain. The siege, how ever. was not raised, but continued until Sir Colin Campbell reached the city two months later and enabled the garrison to withdraw. The city was regained by the British in March of the year. Population, in ls.91. 273. in 1901, 264,049. Consult Lucknole and Oude in the Mutiny (London, IS95).