LVOFF, At.F.xt:t FEononoviren I 17fN IS70). A Russian musician, and composer of the national hymn. Ile was horn at Peval, where his father was a well-known nutsivian- llr was educated for the army. and after graduating front the military teelmical leommunciation) institute he received a commission in the Im perial Guards. Meanwhile, he had educated himself thoroughly in music, and had become distinguished for his musical attainments. In 1836 he was appointed conductor of the Imperial Court Choir. succeeding his father. a position which he held until 1855. Ills instrument was the violin, on which he was an excellent per former; besides which he was a student of Old Russian Church song, and of Russian folk music. In 1859 he published an essay On the Free and Non-symmetrical Rhythln of Old Rus sian Church Song. Ilis compositions include four operas, the only successful one of which Was Undine (1846) ; Church music; part songs; ar rangements of Russian folk-songs; and a con siderable number of pieces for the violin. Ile
was commissioned by the Czar to compose the music to the words of the national hymn, which had been written by Zhukovski (1833). He died on his family estate in the Government of Kovno.
LYALL, Sir AL•RED COMYN (1835— ).
An English administrator and author, born at Coniston, Surrey. He studied at Eton, en tered the Bengal Civil Service as assistant magis trate and collector in the _Northwest Provinces of India, in IS7S was appointed secretary to the Government of India, foreign department, and from 1882 to 1887 was Lieutenant-Governor of the Northwest Provinces. In 1SSS he was ap pointed a member of the council of the Secretary of State for India. His publications include: Asiatic Studies (ISS2-99) ; a discriminating Life of Warren. Hustings (1889; in the "English 'Alen of Action Series") ; Rise of the British Dominion in India. (1893; 3d ed. in that year) ; and the volume on Alfred Tennyson in the "English Men of Letters Series" (1902).