McCOOK, ANsox GEORGE ( 1835— ). An American soldier and politician, born at Steuben ville, Ohio. At the outbreak of the Civil War he entered the Federal Army as captain in an Ohio regiment ; was at the first battle of Bull Run, and later became colonel of a regiment in the Army of the Cumberland. At. the close of the war he was brevetted brigadier-general. In 1873 he removed to New York, and was elected as a Re publican to Congress, serving from 1877 until 1883. He was secretary of the United States Senate from 1887 to 1893, and city chamberlain of New York from 1893 until 1897.
iffeCOOK, HENRY CuaisToenEn (1837— ). An American theologian and entomologist, brother of A. G. McCook, born at New Lisbon, Ohio. He was educated at Jefferson College and at the Western Theological Seminary; served as lieu tenant and as chaplain in the Forty-first Illinois Volunteers (1861-62) ; and was then pastor at Clinton. III. (1862-63), a home missionary in Saint Louis (1863-70), and pastor of the Taber nacle Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. He was chaplain of the Pennsylvania commandery of the Loyal Legion, and of the Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the war with Spain; was long president of the American Entomological Society and vice-president of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, as well as presi dent of the American Presbyterian historical Association. He wrote: The Women Friends of Jesus (1885) ; The Gospel in Yature; Object and Outline Teaching 11s711: The Latimcrs, Scotch-Irish Historic Romance of the Western Insurrection (1898); and the entomological works, The Mound-Making Ants of the _Mc phonies ( 1ST/) ; The Agricultural Ants of Texas (1879) ; honey Ants and Occident Ants (1882); American Spiders and their Spinning ll'ork (1889-93) ; and Tenants of an Old Farm (lbS4).
McCOR'MICK, CYRUS HALL ( 1809-84 i . An American inventor and manufacturer. lle was born in Virginia, but removed to Cincinnati in 1845, and to Chicago in 18-11. In 1831 he con structed the reaping machine which, subsequently patented and greatly improved, has become cele brated in many lands and won for its inventor wealth, medals, and decorations. In 1859, with a portion of his wealth. he contributed largely to the establishment at Chicago of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest. and afterwards endowed a professor's chair in Wash ington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.
McCORMICK THEOLOGICAL SEMI NARY. A divinity school of the Presbyterian Church, in Chicago, opened in 1830 as the theo logical department of Hanover Academy at Han over, Ind. In 1840 it was removed to New Albany. Ind., where it remained until reestab lished at Chicago in 1859 upon an offer of en dowment by Cyrus H. AlcCo•mick under the name of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest. Its present name was assumed in ISSO. The seminary charges no fees for tuition or lodging. Speeial funds provide assist ance for needy students, and fellowships are awarded for excellence. There are six buildings, valued with the grounds at $400,000. The library contains upward of 25,000 volumes. In 1903 the seminary had ten instructors, 120 students, an endowment of $1.000,000, and a gross income of $25,000. the total value of its property being estimated at $1,500.000.
MeCOSH', JAMES ( 1811-94). A Scottish American philosopher and educator. He was horn in his father's farmhouse at Carskeoch in Ayrshire, April 1, 1811. At the age of thirteen he was sent to Glasgow University, and went thence in 1829 to Edinbur[i. Always a philoso pher, he had not at first the intention of devoting himself to education. In 1834 he began preach ing, and not long after was settled as a minis ter at Arbroath. In 1839 he removed to a larger charge at Breehin. During his incum bency there he threw himself ardently into the work of setting up the Free Chureh of Scot land, as a protest against the reception of State aid by the Established Kirk, which the seceders called Erastianism. After the arduous labor: of disruption had a little relaxed. be published in 1850 7'he Method of the Dirinc Gov ernment, Physical awl Moral, which no less an authority than Sir William Hamilton pronounced "worthy of the highest encomium." This book laid the foundation of his fame as a philosophi cal writer, and he probably owed to it his ap pointment in the following year to the chair of logic and metaphysics in the college at Bel fast of the newly founded Queen's University.
and the beginning of an educational career which was to last till the close of his active life. The eighteen years which he spent at Belfast were, however, by no means exclusively devoted to the teaching of philosophy. He was active in all schemes for good, caring for the spiritual welfare of all who were brought into relation with hfin, laboring to promote workingmen's clubs and the circulation of the Scriptures and carrying out his anti-Erastian principles by supporting the Irish Presbyterians in the establishment of a sustentatbm fund. Called hack in 1856 to teach apologetics and theology at Glasgow, he reso lutely declined. and remained at Belfast until he was invited in 1868 to alssnme the presidency of Princeton College. tni the occasion of a pre vious visit to the United States he had been impressed with the belief that the American col leges, "while they had not the prestige nor the eonsolidation of the European ones in such de partments as mathematics and classics, had nev ertheless a better capacity for development:" and it may have been this which tempted him to leave his work in Ireland. It was a critical period for American higher education. New ideas were abroad, scarcely tested as yet ; possi bilities were in the air, of splendid promise. No small task was set before a foreigner, well on in middle life, who was expected to evolve a new system, to win public confidence, to regenerate student manners, and to secure the endowments necessary for a work of such magnitude. It was accomplished. however, with remarkable success. as may be inferred from the fact that the number both of students and professors in Princeton Col lege more than doubled during his administra tion. He resigned the presidency. owing to ad vancing age, in 1SSS, but retained the ehair of philosophy. and continued to live at Princeton until his death, November ltl, 1894. lie was an ardent defender of the Scotch philosophy against empiricism. and enlarged its scope by placing much more of our knowledge to the credit of in tuition than had his predecessors. Ills theology was strictly on the lines of the Westminster Con fession, but he was one of the first orthodox cler gymen to accept and defend the theory of evolu tion in biology. Among his voluminous works may he mentioned Typical Forms and Spccial Ends in Creation, in collaboration with Dr. Dickie (1856) : intuitions of the Mind Inductircly In vestigated ( 1860 ) ; The Supernatural in Relation to the Natural (1862), which was intended to form part of a completer treatment of the method of the divine government. supernatural and spirit ual; .1n Examination of .1/ in's Philosophy (1866); The Seutti.sh Philosophy, Biographical and Critical (18741; The Emotions (18S0); Psy chology of the Cognitire Powers (Itisin Psychol ogy of the hlotire Powers (18871: and Philosophy Drft.micil (18871. Consult his Life, edited by Professor Sloane New York. I MaeCRACK'EN, HENRY .MTCIIELL IS ti)-- 1. An American clergyman and educator. horn in Oxfo'rd, (Min. He graduated at Aliami Uni versity in 1857. was a teacher and school super intendent for four years. studied at the United Presbyterian Theological Seminary and then at the Princeton Theological Seminary. and held pastorates at Columbus. Ohio (1863-071, and at Toledo. Ohio (1869-811. In 1807 he served as a deputy to the Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland, and of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland. and continued his studies at the uni versities of and Berlin. lie was chan cellor of the Western University in Pittsburg from 1Sti1 to 1884. was then called to be pro fessor of philosophy and vice-chancellor (under an honorary chancellor) in the University of the City of New York. and in 1891 became chan cellor. Under his administration the institu tion's name was changed to New York Univer sity, the seat of the University College and School of Applied Science was removed to Uni versity Heights, New York City, the scope of its work extended, and the Hall of Fame for Great Americans (q.v.) was projected and built. Among his writings, besides many essays on philosophical and religious topics, are: A iletro politan University (1892) ; Leaders of the Church Cnircrsal Popular Sermons (1875) ; John Calvin (1888).