MANIN, ma-nrm', DANIELE 150-1-57). An Italian patriot. He was horn in Venice. Slay 13, 1804, studied at the University of Padua. and was admitted to the doctorate of laws at the age of nineteen, and after that practiced at the bar. of which his father, Pietro Slanin. was an eminent member. After 1831 he became a recognized leader of liberal opinion in Venice. In 1847 his reputation as a political economist was estab lished during the sittings of the scientific con gress at Venice. Shortly after be was thrown into prison for a spirited public address against Austrian domination. Previous to the rising against Austria of 1848 Manin was for a second time imprisoned. hut when the news came of the revolution in Sicily and of the February revolu tion in France, he was released in triumph by the populace, was placed at the head of the patriotic movement. and was invested with su preme power as President of the restored Re public of Saint Mark. The organization of a civic guard and the expulsion of the Austrians from the Arsenal were Mauin's first public meas ures. At the same time he prevented the mob from murdering their former oppressors. Manin devoted himself energetically to the organization of the inhabitants for self-defense. For a short time he bad to give way to more radical leaders, but was soon recalled. During the invasion of Lombardy by Charles Albert of Sardinia,.Manin
laid down his authority; but on the defeat of the•Sardinian army at Novara, March 23, 1849, he resumed power, and was the animating spirit of Venice during the heroic defense of the city for four months against the besieging Austrian army. On August 23d Venice capitulated; but Manin, with forty of the principal citizens, being excluded from the amnesty, quitted the city. He retired to Paris, where he taught his native lan guage, declining innumerable offers of aid. He died of heart disease in Paris, September 22, 1857. Manin's public career was one of com plete unselfishness. Believing as strongly as Mazzini in a republic, he was yet wise enough to see Italy's need, and from his exile in Paris he urged upon his compatriots cooperation with the Sardinian monarchy in effecting the union of Italy. Consult: Martin, Daniel Manin, and Ven ice in 1848-49 (trans. from the French, London, 1862) ; Rovani, "Di Daniele Marlin memories storica,"• in Doeumenti della yuer•a sa-nta d'Itulia, vol. iii. (Capolago, 1850) ; Reuchlin, "Daniel Mania," in Historisches Tasehenbuch, vol. xxxii. (Leipzig, 1861) ; Vollo, Daniele Manin (Turin, 186'0) ; Castille, "Alanin," in Portraits politiques au dis-neuvieme sieele (Paris, 1856). See ITALY; VENICE.