MANUFACTURE OF MALT LIQUORs. The early history of this industry in the United Stites is described as follows in the Twelfth Census: "In colonial times as well as in the early decades of the nation's history. the consumption of malt liquors was relatively small and increased slowly. The wide distribution of small quantities of wine manufactured from currants or grape-. the intro duction of tea. the general consumption of all classes of distilled spirits. and the household manufacture of cider and fruit brandies. satisfied the tastes of the people. and the demand for malt liquors was of slow development. Where the demand existed at all it was for ale, porter, or stout. The manufacture of lager beer in the United States was begun about 1840. It ex tended with the general increase of population, the influx of German immigrants. and the culti vation of the tastes of the people for milder beverages. In 1900 its use had almost entirely superseded that of ale and porter." Since 1850 the manufacture of malt liquors in the United States has steadily and rapidly increased, the number of factories rising from 431 to 1509; the country than that of wine manufacture. Since,
in this industry, the transportation of the fin ished product is more expensive than that of the raw material, the centres of manufacture are near the place of consumption; that is, in or near the large cities. In this respect the industry differs from the manufacture of either wine or distilled spirits, in both of which the cost of transporting the raw material is much greater amount of capital invested from $4,072,380 to $415,284,468; and the value of product from $5,728.568 to $237.2(19,713. An army of nearly 40,000 wage-earners are now employed in pro ducing this enormous annual output. Owing to the nature of the raw material required. the in dustry is more widely spread throughout the than that of the finished product. In value of malt liquors produced, the States rank as fol lows: New York, Pennsylvania. Illinois, Wis consin, Ohio, New Jersey, Missouri. See BEER; BREWING.