McGEE, THOMAS D'ARCT (1825-68). An Irish-Canadian politician and author. He was born in Carlingford, Ireland, emigrated to Amer ica when seventeen years of age, and settled in Boston, Mass., where he became editor of the Pilot. He returned to Ireland in 1845, and until 1848 he remained an editor of the Dublin Nation. Again he crossed the ocean, and became pro prietor and editor of the New York Nation. In 1857 lie changed his residence to Canada, estab lished The New Era in Montreal, and was a member of Parliament from 1858 until his death. Ile was also twice a member of the Ministry, and for one term was president of the Council. Be cause of his opposition to the Fenian movement he was assassinated, lie was the author of a number of important including: History of the Irish Settlers in North America (1851); History of Attempts to Establish the Protestant Reformation in Ireland (1853) ; Popular History of Ireland' (1892); and a volume of poems (1869).
IVIeGEE, W (1853—). An American geolo gist, anthropologist, and ethnologist. lie was born near Dubuque, Iowa, and devoted his earlier years partly to reading law and to surveying. partly to improving agricultural implements. several of which he patented. He began the study of arelecolog,y and geology in 1875, and in 1877-81 executed a topographic and geological survey of 17,000 square miles in northeastern Iowa. In I SS1 lie was appointed geologist on the United States Geological Survey, and in 1885 and 1892 compiled standard geological maps. In 1893, having resigned from the Geo logical Survey, he was appointed ethnologist-in charge in the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1895 he explored the Isla del Tiburon, Gulf of California. home of the Seri Indians, a savage tribe which until then had not been studied. His publications include: The Pleistocene History of Northeastern Iowa (1889) ; The Geology of Chesapeake Bay (188S) ; The Siouan Indians (1895); Primitire Trephining (1897); The Seri Indians (1899) Primitirc Numbers (1901) ; and many other memoirs and minor papers.
McGIFFERT, ne-giFfert, ARTHUR CUSHMAN (1861— ). An American theologian and author, born at Sauquoit, N. Y. He studied at the Western Reserve College and graduated at Union Theological Seminary in 1885. Afterwards he continued his studies in Germany at the universi ties of Berlin and Marburg, and in Paris and Rome. He became instructor in Church history at Lane Theological Seminary in 1888, and pro fessor there in 1800. lie held this position until he was appointed professor of Church history at Union Theological Seminary in 1893. Dr. Me thlieres book. A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age (1897), was much criticised and he withdrew from the Presbyterian ministry in order to avoid an almost inevitable trial for heresy. Ile retained his position as professor of Church history in the Union Theological Sem inary, and afterwards joined the Congregational Church. He also wrote Dialogue Between a Christian and a Jew (1888, Doctor's thesis), and a translation of Eusebius's Church History (1890, with prolegomena and notes).
McGIFFIN, ne-girfin, Punk Noirrost (1863 97). An American naval officer, born in Penn sylvania. He graduated in 1882 at the United States Naval Academy, and at the outbreak of the war between China and France re signed from the navy to enter the Chinese ser vice. In 1887 lie succeeded in founding the naval college at Wei-hai-wei, of which he took charge in company with Lieutenant Bouchier of the British Navy. During the China-Japan War be became commander of the Chinese fleet at the battle of Yalu River. His vessel scarcely escaped destruction, and he himself was severely injured.
IVIeGILL', JAMES (1744-1813 ) . The founder of McGill University, Montreal, born in Glasgow, Scotland, October 0, 1744. He went to Canada about 1770 and there he eventually made a for tune in the fur trade and in business at Montreal. He was for a long while a member of the Parlia ment of Lower Canada and afterwards of the legislative and executive councils. In the War ofi812 he was brigadier-general of the militia. Ile (lied in Montreal. December 19, 1813. In his will he left £10,000 and certain lands for a col lege to bear his name. The institution founded under this bequest was erected into a university by royal charter in 1821.
McGILL COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY. An institution of learning in Montreal, Canada, founded under a bequest of Hon. James McGill in 1821 and reorganized by an amended charter in 1852. The university has five faculties: Arts, admitting women, mainly in separate classes and conferring the degrees of B.A., M.A., B.Sc., M.Sc., D.Sc. and D. Litt: applied science, con ferring the degrees B.Sc., M.Sc. and D.Sc.; law, conferring the degrees of B.C.L. and D.C.L.: med icine, mitering the degrees of and C.M. It stands at the head of a group of affiliated col leges and schools and is itself affiliated with the universities of Oxford. Cambridge, and Dublin. The supreme authority of the uni versity is vested in the Crown and is exer cised by the Governor-General of Canada as Visitor. The highest academic body is the corpo ration. composed of the governors. principal, and fellows. The governors, fifteen in number, are the members of the Royal institution for the Advancement of Learning. The president of the hoard of governors is ex-officio chancellor. The principal is the academic head and chief adminis trative officer, and is ex-officio vice-chancellor. The fellows, forty-three in number, are selected with reference to representation of all the fa•ul ties of affiliated colleges and of other bodies. The university had a total attendanee, in 1902, of 1026 students and a faculty of 76. The library contained 92,000 volumes. The endowment of the university was $3,009,994, its grounds and buildings were valued at $2,205„964, and its gross income was about $410,000.