LUDLOW, WILLIAM ( 1843-19011. An Ameri can soldier, horn at Islip, Long 1-land, N. Y. lie graduated at West Point in 1864. was commis sioned a first lieutenant of engineers, and served under General Hooker in the Atlanta campaign as chief engineer of the Twentieth Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland. He was assistant en gineer to General Sherman's army during the famous 'march to the sea' and the subsequent operations in the Carolinas, and earned the brevets of major and lieutenant-colonel. From 1872 to 1876 he was chief engineer of the Department of Dakota; was promoted to be major in dime, 1882; was chief engineer of the Philadelphia water department. by special per mission of the Government granted in a resolution of Congress. from 1883 to 1886; and from 1880 to 1888 was engineer-commissioner of the District of Columbia. He had charge of the river, harbor, and lighthouse work on the Great Lakes from 1888 to 1893. From 1893 to 1896 he was military attach 6 to the "United States Embassy at London. lie was promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of en gineers in August, 1895; was president of the United States Nicaragua Canal Commission in the same year, and in 1897-9S had charge of the river and harbor work at New York City. In May, 1898, on the outbreak of the Spanish American War, he was appointed brigadier-gen eral of volunteers. Ile distinguished himself in the Santiago campaign, was promoted to he major-general of volunteers in September, 1898, was president for a time of the board appointed to organize the army sea transport service, and in December, 1898, was appointed military Gov ernor of Havana. On May 1, 1900, he was re
lieved, haying previously, however (in January), been promoted to he brigadier-general in the Regular Army, the first engineer since the Civil War to receive a line brigadier-generalship. He afterwards inspected technical military institu tions in France, Germany, and England, for the purpose of formulating plans for a United States Army War College.
LUDOLF, 1(76'4161f, Ilion (1624-1704). A dis tinguished German Orientalist. lie was born at Erfurt, and educated there and at Leyden. On leaving Leyden he traveled through Europe, and while in Rome learned Ethiopic from an Abys sinian, Gregorius by name, whom he met there. In 1654 he became tutor to the children of the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, and in 1675 Chamberlain at Altenburg. In 1678 he went to Frankfort-on the-Main, where he died in 1704. Ludolf was one of the first of European scholars to take up the scientific study of Ethiopic, and his re searches form the starting-point for the subse quent investigations of Ewald, Dillmann, and others. His chief works are: Historic _Ethiopiea (Frankfort, 1681) Commentarius and Appendix to the same (ib., 1691, 1694) ; Relatio :Vora de Hodicrno Habessi»im (ib.. 169S); an Ethiopic-Latin lexicon (London, 1661; 2d ed., Frankfort, 1699), and grammar (2d ed., ib., 1702) : and a grammar and a lexicon of the Am haric language (ib., I698).