WINE MANUFACTURE. Wine. being the product of natural forces and not requiring machinery for its production, is the oldest of the beverages, and was made before the dawn of history. With the cultivation of the vine and the growth of complex tastes the industry became highly de veloPed. The wines of Greece and Rome were prepared with greatest care and often flavored with spices and herbs. Throughout the Middle Ages and in modern times the manufacture of wine has been an important industry in most European countries. The settlers of America brought with them both a taste for wine and a knowledge of its manufacture. But early at tempts to introduce this industry were unsuc cessful because of failure to acclimate the Euro pean vines. The successful use of a native American grape—the Catawba—marked the be ginning of this industry east of the Rockies.' In California, however. foreign vines were intro duced and successfully cultivated by Catholic missionaries from Mexico as early as 1771. but a century passed before wine manufacture became an important industry. Of the States east of the
Rockies where wine is made. Ohio. New York, and Missouri are far in the lead. By the census of 1S60 the total value of the product for the United States was $400,791, of which $155,966 was from New York, and $47,275 from Ohio. By the census of 1900. the value of the product ill New York was $942,54S; Ohio, $01,63t; Slis.ouri, $199,130. The importance that the California iudustry had assumed during the forty years IA weer) these two tens Use.; is shown by the fact that of the total product of 23.t25.567 gal lons produced in the United states in 1900, and valued at $2,S46,145, California produced 02S.258 gallons. The wine product of the United States is still small as compared with that of the other wine-pioducing countries of the world, as is shown by the aceompanying figures, giving the estimated wine product of the world fur 1901. See WINE.