LONDONDERRY, or DERRY. A city. sea port, and a corporate and Parliamentary borough, capital of Londonderry County, Ireland, on the Foyle, 3 miles from its entrance into Lough Foyle. and 144 miles north-northwest of Dublin (Map: Ireland, D 1). It is beautifully situated on the left hank of the Foyle. upon a hill which overlooks the river. The walls are still pre served. and form an agreeable promenade: they surround a part of the town one mile in circum ference, but the buildings have extended beyond. A square from which the four main streets diverge is called the Diamond. The left hank of the river is connected by an iron bridge, 1200 feet in length, with an extensive suburb called Waterside. The Anglican cathedral dates from 1633, and there is a handsome modern Catholic cathedral. The court-house is a building of some pretensions, and the famous siege of 1689 is commemorated by a triumphal arch and by a column in honor of the Rey. George Walker, who was Governor of the city during the memor able defense. Among the educational institu tions are Gwyn's School and Magee College. The chief industries are distilling, brewing, tan ning, the manufacture of shirts and table-linen, and extensive salmon-fishing. The arrangements
and appliances of the port are on a good scale. Steamers ply to Liverpool, Glasgow, and Belfast, and there is a large import trade in maize, wheat, petroleum, timber, flaxseed, etc. The United States is represented by an agent. The town originated in a monastery founded in the sixth century by Saint Columba. It was pillaged more than once by the Danes, and was occupied, but with many vicissitudes, by the English at the invasion. The town formed part of the escheated territory granted to the London companies. and under their management it rose to some im portance. and was strongly fortified. In the Irish War of the Revolution, Londonderry threw itself earnestly into the cause of William of Orange, and closed its gates against James 11. The siege of Londonderry in 1689 is one of the most celebrated events in Irish history. Since that date the city has steadily grown in extent and prosperity. Population. in 1S51, 19.8s8; in 1891, 33.200: in 1901, 39.873. Consult llempton, Sicge and History of Londonderry (Londonderry, 1861).