When the heart is present in omphalosites it is incomplete. The circulation is sluggish, and an overgrowth of connective tissue results with the formation of and cysts and frequently marked The highest development of these monsters is reached in the paracephalus. In this anomaly the extremities are more or less definitely present. the head has an imperfect cranium and imperfect face, the cervical verte bra. are rudimentary, the diaphragm is defec tive. and the lungs are absent or else incom plete. There is of course no sign of life in these fot•nis after birth.
ComeoscrE MoNsTmts embrace all forms. in which there is a reduplication of the principal parts of the body. There may lie two distinct faces and heads closely fused together. or the duplicity may he only slightly suggested ( Dipro sopus). In other eases (Dicephalus) the heads may be quite distinct. and even the upper parts of the body are double, with three or four present. The internal organs are duplicated :le cording to the amount of division. Although specimens of this group are seldom horn alive, and still inure rarely live, yet we /1111;1' a well marked instance of this class recorded in the ease of the Tppeci hr it hers 118771, who grew Imp and thrived for many years. In the third class
IsehiopagnsI two separate distinct bodies are present which are joined by the coecygeal and sacral bones. Only one case is recorded whielt lived beyond the third year. '1'111. Pyopagi are very rare. In these t WO separate bodies are so joined together in the silent] region that the two indiVidllak stand back to back. The Dipygi are cases which show a rednplieation of the pelvis, of the genitals, and of the extremities. if four legs are present they are not all equally well (level opcd.
but the Iwo inner legs are much smaller. This division of the hods' from below inay he still further (Syneephalus) : and if the union is simply confine•(] to the heads, these spec7 un•ns arc included in the Craniopagus.
In some instances the reduplication is almost complete, and the union is comparatively slight, occurring at sonic point between the umbilicus and the lower thorax. The most famous ease is that of the Siamese twins. w110 lived to be sixty three years old. In February, 1902, the Hindu twins Cod kit and lloodica, who had been joined in a fashion similar to the Siamese twills, were divided by operation in Paris. France, Radiea survived, but her sister died of tuberculosis.