LOUIS VIESSE DE, Duke of Ragusa (1774-1852). A marshal of France, born July 20, 1774, at - stir - Seine. He entered the French Army in 1791 and was rapidly promoted. He met Bonaparte at Toulon, served with distinction in the Italian campaign, particularly at Lodi and Castiglione, and later accompanied Bona parte to Egypt, where lie became brigadier-gen eral. On returning to France Marmont sup ported Napoleon in the coup d'kat of the eighteenth Brumaire. and afterwards continued in active military service. After the battle of Marengo (1800) he was made a general of divi sion. In 1801 lie was inspector-general-in-chief of artillery, and in 1805 lie was made command ant of the army in holland. his services in defending the Ragusan territory against the Russians and Montenegrins in 1806-07 won him his title of Duke of Ragusa. After the battle of \Vagram (1809) he was intrusted with the pur suit of the enemy, and after the battle of Znahn he was made a marshal. He was thereafter for eighteen months Governor of the Illyrian prov inces, and in 1811 succeeded Massiina in the chief command in the Peninsula• where he assumed the offensive, and kept Wellington in check for fifteen months, but was eventually defeated in the battle of Salamanca (July 22, 1812). A wound com
pelled him to retire to France. In 1813 he fought at the battles of Liitzen. Bautzen, and Dresden. He maintained the contest with great spirit in France in the beginning of 1814; and it was not until further resistance was hopeless that he con eluded a truce with Prince Sghwarzt•nix'rg, which was followed by the abdication of Napoleon. The Bourbons at first loaded 1\larmont with honors and distinction. On the return of Napoleon from Elba Marmont was excluded from the general amnesty, and he tied to Aix-la-Chapelle. After the second Restoration he spent much of his time in agricultural pursuits, till the Revolution of 1830, when, at the head of a body of troops, he attempted in vain to put down the iusu•rec tion, and finally retreating with 6000 Swi44.., and a few battalions that had continued faithful to Charles N., conducted him across the frontier. From that time lie resided c•liiefly in Vienna. lie died in Venice, March 2, 1852. He was the last survivor of the marshals of the first French Empire. llis Memaires (9 vols., 1856-57) are valuable for the history of his time. he was also the author of Voyage en Hongrie (1837) and Esprit des institutions nrilitair•es (1845).