MANNING, EnwAan (1807-92). An English Roman Catholic prelate, one of the most notable figures in the Church life of his time. He was born July 15, 1807 (not 1808, as frequently given), at Tntteridge. in Hertfordshire, and edu cated at Harrow and at. Ralliol College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1830. He was ordained in 1832. in 1833, and in 1834 appointed rector of Lavington and Graffham in Sussex. His wife (lied in 1837. :Manning devoted himself with increasing zeal, energy, and success to the work of his profession, and was recognized, though still a young man, as a leading figure in the group of Tractarian leaders. His appoint ment in 1840 as Archdeacon of Chichester gave him a still more influential position. Newman's secession affected him painfully. and for a time scented to ine,vease his attachment to the Church of England: hut in 1851 the decision in the noted Gorham case (see GoanAlt CONTROVERSY), which seemed to claim for the Crown authority over a purely doctrinal question, shook his allegiance. After long and arduous consideration he made his submission to the Roman Catholic Church in 1851. Only two months later—an unusn•il recognition of his gifts and his theological at tainments—he was ordained priest by Cardinal Wiseman. Ile made some further studies in Nome, and from 1852 to 11850 was informally connected with the Jesuit Chureh in Farm Street. London, finding numb to do in preaching and spiritual direction. In 1857 he developed an English congregation of priests known as Oblates of Saint Charles, a revival of the community founded at Milan by Saint Charles 13o•u'omeo, and became its first superior. The same year saw his appointment as provost of the Chapter of Westminster, whieh brought him into close re lations with Cardinal Wiseman. then Archbishop. In the difileult circumstances. connected the insubordinate attitude of Archbishop Errington, Wiseman's coadjutor, Manning was a loyal sup porter of the Cardinal and of great service. On
the latter's death in 1865, Pius IX. took the un expected step of appointing Alarming his suc cessor as Archbishop of Westminster. and for the next quarter of a century he occupied a com manding position in the religious life of England. Ile not only did nmeh to bring the Roman Cath olie Italy nut of the obscurity in which centuries of repression had left it, but he was indefatigable in all kinds of good works—the can of the poor. religious education, social and temperance work. In the Vatienn Council of 1870 he took a promi nent part, standing aiming the pronounced ad vocates of defining Papal infallibility, and en gaging in a enntrnvi.rsy. famous at the time, WWI Mgr. Dupanloup, Bishop of Orleans. Ibis Pririlryium (1871) is an exposition of the doctrine and an acenunt of the proceedings. On the same subject he also published (1875) an answer to Gladstone's expostulations, giving his views of the bearing of the Vatican decrees on civil allegiance: and in 1877 he wrote The True Story of the ratican Council. Among Manning's other published works are: 77u• Temporal Mis sion of the Holy Ghost The Internal Mission of the holy Ghost (1875); England and Christendom (1867) ; Sin and Its ronscqueners (1876). His manifold services were recognized by the gift of a cardinal's hat in 1875. Ile died in London, January 14. 1892. The full est biography of him is by Purcell (2 vols., Lon don, 1896), which is unfortunately disfigured by ninny misleading inferences and grave faults of taste; it may he corrected in particular as to the facts of the Errington ease by Wilfrid Ward's Life and Times of Cardinal (London, 1897). There is a shorter but in many ways more satisfaetory biography by A. W. Hut ton (ib.. 1894). Consult also: l'itzge•ald, Fifty Years of Catholic Life and Progress (London, 1901) ; and a number of the biographical works cited under OXFORD MOVEMENT.