MANUTIUS, mA-nfi'shi-fis. The Latin name of :I famous faniily of Italian printers. MANUCCI, better known as Attic) (Aldus was born at Scononeta. near Nome, in 1150. Ilaving studied Latin at Nome under Gasparino da Verona and (;reek at Ferrara under ;thirino dla Verona, S1annzro went in 1182 to live a I. irandola with his old friend Giovanni Pico. Pico got Mannzio a place as tutor to his nephews, Alberto and Lionel to prinees of Carpi. Alberto supplied the funds with which the great press was founded. Nlannzio, or Aldo. to use the name now mo-t familiar. settled in Venice in 1490, and soon published the undated to and. Leonthr of the Clalconlyn marhia, and the Greek Psalter. la 1195 the first volume of Aristotle appeared. Nine Corned of Aristophanes followed in 1Ills. Thacyd Sophoel and lierodolus came out ill 1502; Xenoplion's II,I1,nies and Euripides appeared in 1503, Demosthenes ill 1501. In 1513 Plato Was issued. and Pindlar, Ilesyehins. and Athen:rus came out in 1511. Ablo's press now devoted itself to printing Latin and Italian works. including the conody. These works (1495-1514) were printed with Aldine types, a style said to hale been copied from the handwriting of Pi ttard'. Italic type was invented by Aldo, as is shown by his I/onituni of March 16, 1503, re printed in Renouard (vol. iii.). Italics were soon adopted by Lyonese printers. Apparently the first book thus printed at Lyons was issued in 1501. Aldo was an ardent hu manist. He loved the books that he printed and wished to make not only them but his manuscripts accessible to many. Symonds roughly estimates the current price of Aldo's pocket series of Greek. Latin, and Italian classics, begun in 1501. at two shillings a vol ume. The live volumes of Aristotle were worth about IS. Thus Aldo's books were cheaper than those of modern publishers, who have hardly sur passed him in quality at their best. in 1499 Aldo had wedded Maria Torresano of :Isola. Her father. Andrea, a celebrated printer, jointed Aldo, and Asolanus came to be printed along with Aldus on the title pages of Aldine editions. on February 6, 1515, Aldo died, leaving three sons to help carry on his business.—PAULUS AIANUTIUS 11542-74). born in Venice, June 12,
1512, took up in 1533 the task which had mean while been done mainly by his grandfather, Andrea Torresano. Paolo set up his own firm and de voted himself mainly to the Latin classics. He skillfully edited Letter-.c and Orations, and published his own Latin version of Demos thenes:. In 1561, at the invitation of Pius 1V., he went to Borne, where he was to have 500 ducats a year and enough to defray the cost of his press. The profits were to lie equally divided between Paolo and the Camera Apostolica. Aldo seems to have fared well under Pills IV., but the coldness of Pins V. compelled him to leave Rome. He went back, however, and died there in 1574. his partnership with the Papacy was more favorable to writers than to classic literature. —ALDUSMAxt-rws. the younger (1547-97). son of Paolo, was horn February 13. 1547, and died in Rome, October 25, 1597. At the age of nine his name appeared on the title page of the Elryanze della lingua toscana e leteoa, In 1561, whether with or without help we do not know, he produced a work on Latin spelling. ()Oho graphite Ratio, which he completed with an Epitome Orthographiir in 1575, both highly valu able hooks. In 1572 Aldo married Francesca, Luerezia, daughter of Rartolommeo ninnta, grandson of a Giunta who had established a famous Venetian press. This was a lucky alli ance, for the Aldine press had been steadily de clining. while the other was growing richer. In 1574 his father's death in Rome made Aldo the younger head of the firm. llis eomummentary of the Portica of Horace (1576) maintained the family's traditional blending of good printing and scholarship. As a professor of helles-lettres .Aldo went to Relcg:irt (1585), and thence to Pisa (15871. There he printed Alberti's comedy Philodthrius, and attributed it strangely to Lepidus. In 1588 he went to Rome and again turned to printing. with Clement VIII. as his patron, until his death. Consult : Schfiek, Aldus Manutius und seine Zritgenossen (Berlin, 1S621: Gohlsmid, .1 Bibliographical Nketrli of the Aldine Press at Venice. (Edinburgh. 1887) ; and Ommit. Catalogue. des lirrrs grres ct loans imprime's _Ude Manner (Paris, 1892). See