MARCHING. One of the essentials to mo bility and effectiveness in the field is the ability of the soldier to carry out long marches with a minimum of fatigue. To this end his physical development is advanced by various systems of physical exeroise, both in the gymnasium and on the drill ground; while equal importance is at tached to foot-drill, to insure and regu larity of step, Throughout the world drill evo lution's and all ceremonial exercises are carried out in cadenced step. On the march. troops are frequently allowed to break or march in route step. Cnits of organization are kept intact as note)) as possible: the cavalry la-longs in front, and the engineers and bridge-train must also be well advanced in the column; the field artillery is needed early, but it also requites protection, therefore 1113 general rude as to its proper position can be given: the eireumstanees must. decide. The artillery of position is in the main column, at the end 14 which march the ammunition col umns, and finally the train. If an army corps marches on two roads, each division may be fol lowed by. a port ion of the multiunit ion columns and the train. The average march of infantry is a mile in from 15 to 21) minutes, and an average of 14 or 15 miles a day. which in extreme emergency could be increased to 38 or 40 miles in from 25 to 30 fair to good conditions. cavalry usually accomplish from 30 to 35 miles in a day of 21 hours—several (1.,ys 111 doing
15 inintIle,3 at the walk, and -15 at the trot, the average march of 14 or 15 miles a day being accomplished in three hours. Artillery consume four hours in aceomplishing the same result. and the train five hours. The average European in fantry division at war strength, marching on a single road, and observing the usual distances, would a length of miles, and would take 4 hours and 19 minutes to pass a given point. I'mler the same conditions an corps oceitpics a stretch of lien rly 21 miles, and takes hours to pass, The shortest or most direct road is given 10 itifaat IT, the hest to artillery, and Ihe softest to cavalry—when conditions per mit.
1lArrs are as a role governed by conditions, and a re i'vgith I oil under ord no ry conditions either by time or distance. The roiled States drill regulations a hall of 15 minutes t,ifter the first 45 minutes' marching, to enable the mon In relieve themselves and to ail jiist their clothing and accoutrements. After wards there is a halt of 10 minutes every hour. If marching in the vicinity of all enemy the limrelt is made in several columns, avoiding ex treme depth. and facilitating deployment. Strag glers are picked up by the provost-guard. Which marches in the rear. The following table gives in round numbers the rate of marching in the leading armies of the world: