MARTIN. The name of five popes, the second and third of whom are more properly known as ..larintis 1. and 11., though since the thirteenth century the two names have commonly been con founded in the lists. Maartx 1., Saint, Pope 649.655. lie was a martyr to his firm stand against monoth4.1itism. which he caused to be condemned in the tirst Lateran Council. (See LATER•tN COUNCILS.) In consequence he was seized by the Creek Emperor Constans 11.. who attempted to depose him and carried him off to the Crimea, where he died a prisoner.—MAR TIN II., Pope 882.884. Before his election to fill the vacancy caused by the violent death of John VIII., he had been Bishop of Ciere, and chosen by three popes to represent them as legate in the delicate negotiations with the East, in which capacity he was present at the fourth coun cil of Constantinople in 869. As Pope he had close relations with the English King Alfred, to whom he sent a relic of the eross.—MARTIN III., Pope 942-946. A Boman by birth and a man of high repute for learning and piety, though his pontificate fell in the unhappy period of the domination of the Italian noble faetions.—:\ 1AR TIN IV., Pope 1281-85, Simon de Brion. A Frenchman by birth, he became canon of Tours, was made cardinal by Urban IV. in 1261, and
was several times legate in France. Ile was elected Pope by the influence of the French party in the Sacred ('ollege, aided by the presence at Viterho where the conelave was held) of Charles of Anjou, whom he afterwards constantly sup ported. especially in his efforts to retain pos session of Sieily.--3IARTIN V., Pope 1417-31, (Atone Colonna. He was born in 'Rome in 1368. lie was named cardinal in 1405 by innocent VII., and in 1 110 appointed to adjudicate the appeal of Iluss, against whom he lucided• By his election the Papacy at Cmistanee the great sehism ( see SCHISM, WEsTratx) was finally extinguished. He presided in all the subsequent sessions 44 the council: and when the Fathers separated without discussing urgent questions of reform, he was finally persuaded to call another council. origi nally at Pavia, then, from fear of the plague. at Siena, and when it was about to meet at Basel, he designated the zealous reformer Cardinal Ce sarini as its president. Martin himself, how ever. died just before the assembling of the ('(Jul mil.