MARTINEAU, JAmEs (1805-1900). An Eng lish Unitarian divine, brother of the preceding. Ile was born at Norwich, April 21. 1805. Ile was educated for the ministry at Manchester College (l nitarian). which was then located at York, and was graduated in 1827. lie spent one year teaching in Bristol and then, October 26. 1828, he was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in Dublin. Ile resigned his pastorate in Dublin be cause lie objected to receiving State all in the ll,yiuni Amain. though it omit have increased his salary by £100. From Dublin he went to Liverpool. where he was settled over Paradise Street Chapel, and eked out his ineome by taking pupils. Here he attracted considerable attention by engaging. along with .1. II. Thom and Henry Giles, in a controversy against some clergymen of the Church of England on the subject of Uni tarianism. Soon afterwards Martineau was elect ed professor of mental and moral philosophy at i\lanchester New College, and continued to lec ture in the college when it was removed to Lon don in 1853. though he also retained his pulpit in Liverpool for four years. In 1857 he took up his residence in London. The next year he added to his work the task of sharing the pulpit of Little Portland Street ('Impel with J. .1. Tay lor. then pglnelpml of the college. Upon the death of Mr. Taylor in 1868, he became principal of the college and tilled the chapel pulpit alone tor four years. when the strain compelled hint to give
it up. lie is the author of 'the of Re ligious Inquiry ( 1836 ) ; also De fcnded ( in collaboration with Thom and Giles, 1839), the lcettu•cs delivered in the controversy referred to above; Endearors After the ('ln•is tian Life (2 vols., 1843-17) Miscellanies (1852): Studies• of Christianity (1858) l'h i/osoph ical and Theological (1866-tii 1 : Re ligion as Affected by Modern Materialism (1874) : //ours of 'Thought on Things Study of Spinoza (1882) ; Types of teal ThrOry ( 1885 ) ; of 1,A, liqion.
and The Scat of .1 uthority in Religian ( 111. reveiviA degrees from Har vard, Leyden, Edinburgh. kford. and Dublin. lie died January 11, 1900. In philosophy he was an intuitionist, maintaining that men have a powe). of conscience, which, without aid from experience. can ascertain the higher of two ton flirting nmtivcs. In theology he was, as already seen, a prominent Unitarian: but his gre;itest im port:1m.y will probably remain in his ethical work. Consith: Drummond. Life and Li.tters of Jamrs Martineau (London, 1902); Sidgwiek, Ur, ofrf on the Ethic's of Green, Spencer. and Martineau I 19021 : A. W. dackson. .la ?nes It art incnn iiiagrnidly and S ntly 110st on, 1000 .