MARTINEZ CAMPOS, nth r-Wniith AusEmo (1834-1900). A Spanish general and statesman, born at Segovia. December 14, 1834. Ile served on General O'Donnell's staff in the campaign of Morocco, 1859, was with Prim dur ing Spain's brief participation in Mexican affairs in 1861, and joined the army in Cuba in 1869, remaining until 1872. On the abdication of King Amadeus (q.v.). in 1873, he refused adherence to the new order, and his unconcealed enmity to the Republic led to his arrest and imprisonment as a conspirator. On December 29, 1874. at ::%Inrivedro. in conjunction with General JoveIlar, he' proclaimed the son of the deposed Queen Isabella. Alfonso XII., King of Spain. The army followed his lead, a ministerial regency under Canovas del Castillo was formed, and in January, 1875, the youthful Alfonso was established in Madrid and the monarchy was restored. :Mar tinez Campos brought the civil war to a success ful issue by the defeat of the Carlists at Pefia de Plata (1876 ), and was rewarded by the gift of the highest rank in the army. In the same year he was sent to Cuba to conduct the military opera tions against the insurgents. The central insur gent committee submitted in 1878. and, the insur rection being at an end. Martinez Campos returned
to Spain and became the advocate of a just and liberal policy toward the colony. Canovas del Castillo resigned March 7. 1879. and Martinez Campos headed a new Ministry. but was unable to hold power for many months. Upon his re turn to office, however, Canovas carried out the main features of the General's Cuban programme. In 1881 Martinez Campos made a coalition with the Liberal leader Sagasta (q.v.). which lasted until 1884, and was Minister of War under him. In 1886, in 1891, and in 1S99 he was president of the Senate. In 1893, as Governor of Cata lonia. he found it necessary to suppress anarchist riots in Barcelona, occasioned by the new taxes of the Government, and unsuccessful at tempts were made to assassinate him and his family. He was seat to Cuba as Captain-General upon the outbreak of a new insurrection in 1895, in the hope that he would repeat his former suc cess as a pacificator; but he was recalled in January, 1896. and thereafter took part as a Moderate Liberal in the endeavor to bring about a reorganization of Spanish affairs and a restora tion of prosperity. He died September 23. 1900.