MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. A school of industrial science in Boston, established in 1861 through the efforts of IV. B. Rogers and others, "for the pur pose of instituting and maintainMg a society of arts, a museum of arts, and a school of indus trial science, and aiding generally by suitable means the advancement, development, and prac tical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture. manufacture, and commerce." The society of arts was the first section of the institute to he established, holding its first meet ing in 1,9(12, and has done 11111(.11 valuable work. The museum of arts has not yet been established, mainly owing to the extraordinary growth of the school of industrial science, which has over shadowed the other departments. Owing to the disturbed state of the country during the Civil War, the regular courses of instruction were not opened until 1865. The development hag recently been so rapid that more than half of the total of about 3000 graduates of the school belong in the last nine classes. The institute was a pioneer in the introduction of laboratory methods, which are a distinguisiiing•characteristic of its work. In addition to instruction in the sciences and their application to the arts, general studies essential for a liberal education are required. Thirteen distinct courses are offered, each of fora• years' duration: Civil enginering, nH•eltanieal engineer ing, mining engineering and metallurgy, archi tecture, chemistry. electrical engineering, biology, physics, general studies, chemical engineering, sanitary engineering, geology, and naval archi tecture. Each of these courses leads to the degree
of Bachelor of Science. Within most of the regular courses a considerable latitude is per mitted in the selection of branches, a partial choice of professional course being made at the middle of the first year, while in the fourth year nearly the entire t line is devoted to profession al subjects. The school in 1902 had 183 in structors and a total attendance of 1608 stu dents. The library contained 60,727 volumes and 16,682 pamphlets. The institute publishes the Technology Quarterly and Proceedings of the So ciety of Arts, and a graduate magazine, the Technology Review. It occupies nine buildings in the Back Bay district of Boston, comprising the Rogers, Walker, and Pierce buildings, engi neering buildings, mechanical laboratories, boiler and power house, and gymnasium, valued with the grounds at $1,605,222. Plans are in prepara tion (1903) for additional buildings. The en dowment is relatively small, $1,845,139.. The income in 1902 was $403,137. Of this amount, more than half is derived from students' fees, the remainder largely from interest on various funds and gifts from the State of Alassachusetts and the 'United States. The total value of the institute's property was $9,552,623. The presi dents have been: William 11. Rogers (1862-70, 1878-81). John D. Runkle (1870-78), Francis A. Walker (1581-07), James N. Crafts (1897-1900), 'Henry S. Pritchett (1900—).