As with Germany, the various branches, arms, departments, etc.. of the service are distinguished by their distinctive uniforms and not by any particular badge. In the mounted branches. rough riders Ow young horsemen) are distinguished by a spur worn above the elbow on the sleeve of the tunic; farriers and shoeing smiths wear a horse shoe. Expert swordsmen, and gymnasium in structors of all branches, wear the crossed swords. larksineti (sharpshooters) of all arms wear the crossed guns placed immediately above the cull of the tunic. Pioneers wear the crossed axes on the tipper sleeve. Commissioned and non-commis sioned ranks of the infantry wear the sash, which in the ease of officers is of silk and is worn over the left shoulder, and with non-commissioned offi cers is of worsted and worn over the right shoul der. Scottish Highland regiments are further distinguished by the differences in pattern of their elan tartans. See UN1FonMS, INIDATAny, In the United States at the time of the ltevolution the distinguishing characteristics of army ranks were largely copied after French. Prussian, and English usages. General and staff officers were distinguished by the color of their sash or •ribband,' which was worn over the waistcoat and under the coat. Cockades were worn by all other commissioned officers, and the non-commissioned officers were distinguished by the color of their epaulet. On June 18, 1780, a general order wits promulgated authorizing the follow hug insignia of rank and grade: Alajor generals to went' two stars on each epaulet; brigadier-generals. one star; field officers wore two captains, one epaulet on the right shoulder only; and lieutenants, one epaulet On the left shoulder. Other distinguishing marks were details of uniform. In 1782 the system of wearing stripes as badges Of rank and service by the rank and file was instituted. Changer were frequent up to the Civil War, but the in signia since that time have remained substan tially the same. the more important changes, particularly those of 1002, having had to do with uniform mid Iluipinvnt rather than of insignia. officers' insionia are as follows: (.\) A of arms of the United States, made of gold or gilt metal. or dull finish bronze, worn on the collar of the dress, service, or white coat. is placed at a distance of one inch from each end of the cellar. When worn upon the dress or xvilite uniform the coat of antis is of gold or gilt meta I. When worn upon the service uniform it is of dull bronze metal.
f III The insignia of corps. department, or arm of service are as follows; Adjutant-General's De partment. a shield of gold or gilt. metal; In spector General's Department, gold or gilt sword and fasces crossed and wreathed; Judge Advo ate-GeneraPs Department. sword and pen in gold or gilt metal, crossed and wreathed; Quarter master's Department, sword and key crossed on a wheel. surmounted on a spread eagle. of gold or gilt. metal, platinum and enamel; Subsistence Derirtment, a silver erescent. one-half inch be enspq, cusps to the rear; Pay Department, a diamond. 11mi-quarters of an inch by one inch, in gold or metal, placed with shorter diam eter Aledical Department, a caduceus, of gold or gilt metal; Corps of Engineers, a silver turreted castle; Ordnance Department, shell and haute, of gold or gilt metal: Signal Corps, two crossed signal flags aud a burning torch, in gold and silver; officers of the Record and Pension Office, a silver trefoil within and partly upon a wreath of gold or gilt metal; professors and assistant professors of the United States :Nliii tary Academy. shield and helmet surrounded by
a scroll, in gold or gilt metal, according to pat tern adopted; aides-de-camp, a device. one and one-third inches high, consisting of a shield of the United States. of properly cidored enamel three fourths inch high and three-fourths inch wide at top, surmounted by a gold or gilt eagle, with wings displayed, on blue field of the shield a star or stars according to rank of the general on whose staff the officer is serving. This device is worn on the collar in lieu of corps or line device.
The devices appropriate to the various arms of the service are as follows: Cavalry, two l'ro,Sed sabres, one inch high, with number of regiment above intersection: of gold or gilt metal. Artillery, two crossed cannons, design to lie one inch high. of gold or gilt metal. with oval at intersection having a scarlet centre; the red oval in the insignia for officers of coast ar tillery exhibits an oblong projectile in gilt out line; for officers of field artillery, a wheel ill outline. Infantry, two crossed rifles, design to be one inch high, with number of regiment above intersection; of gold or gilt metal. Regi mental stair officers. regimental adjutants, quar termasters, commissaries, and squadron and bat talion adjutants wear in the lower angles of their insignia the devices (of gold or gilt metal) of the respective departments to which their duties correspond; the battalion adjutant and quartermaster of engineer battalions wear the same devices above the centre turret. Chaplains, the same as for regimental staff officers, except that the pendant design is a Latin cross of the same material and size. The insignia of corps, department. or arm of service is placed upon the collar of the dress. service, and white coat at distance of live-i.ightlis of an inch from the coat of arms, and is of gold or gilt metal with the dress or white uniform and of dull bronze metal with the service uniform.
(C) The insignia of rank is placed on the shoulder loops of the service (-oat and the white Coat near the shoulder seam as follows; General and lieatenant-general. such as they may pre 'critic; major-general, two silver stars; briga dier-general. one silver star: colonel. one silver spread-eagle; lieutenant-colonel, one silver leaf: major, two silver C:11?(11111. two silver bars; tirst-lientenant. one silver bar.
Braid insignia of Rank.—Colonel, a single knot composed of live strands of gold wire braid not exceeding one-eighth inch in Nvidth is applied to the sleeve of the full dress coat below the elbow, the base resting on the gold band of the sleeve; lientenant-colonel, four braids, single knot; major. three braids. single knot: captain, two braids. single knot ; first lieutenant. one braid. single knot; second lieutenant. without braid: chaplain. without braid. The outside dimensions of the braid insignia are the same for all oflicers, the diminution being made by taking Atrand.., from the interior.