MOMBISEN, intimizen, TitEmma (1817-1903). An eminent German historian and arelurologist. He was born November 30, 1817, at Garding, in Schleswig, where his father was a pastor. From 1838 to 1843 he studied at the University of Kiel, devoting himself especially to legal and historical subjects. From 1844 to 1847 he traveled and studied in Italy and France; in 1848 he became editor of the ,tichlesirighol steinisehe Zeitung at Rendsburg, and in the autumn of the same year was called to Leipzig as professor ext•aordinarius of law•. Two years later, however, having been removed for political reasons, he withdrew to Switzerland, where he became professor of lloman law at the University of Zurich in 1852. After two years he was called to a similar position at Breslau. and from 1854 he was professor of ancient history at Berlin. From 1874 to 1895 he was pernmnewt secretary of the Berlin [loyal Academy of Sciences. 11e also served as Deputy in the Prussian Parliament from 1873 to 1882, aml was a powerful'factor in all liberal move ments. Mommsen's literary activity began in 1843 with his famous monograph. Dc rt Sodaliciis llomanorum, and from that tinie he emitinued to make most iumpo•tant contributions to almost every field of classical learning. His greatest works are: Dir. unteritalischen 1)iu!cL•te ; Romische ieseltirh te ( vols. i.-iii., in Sth ed., 1S8S: Eng. trans., New York, 1894), unquestionably one of the most masterly histories ever written: Romische Chronologie (211 ed. 1859) ; Die Geschiehte des riimischen
.11i3n?..lreseas ( 1860 ) ; Mi;in ischcs Staatsreeh t (3d ed. 1887-88) Itomisches Strafreeht (1899). Alommsen more than any other man be•came the founder of modern Latin epigraphy. By his publication of the volume InseriptiQts•s Hegni Neapolitani Latina (1852) and his Inseriptiones Confaderationis Helvetica' Latina' (1854), he set the model which has been followed in the great collection of Latin inscriptions• the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinaram, which has been pub lished at the expense of the Berlin Academy since 1863. Of this great work Monunsen him self edited vols. i., and ix., and lished a large number of epigraphical works, one of the most important of which is the Nonumentani Anegranum, with extensive Com mentary (2d ed. 1883). He also edited many Latin authors, the Digest, and served as co-editor of the Honumenta (lermania• Historica. For a full list of his publications up to 1887, consult Zangemeistcr. Theodor 11ommsen als Sc1u•ift stcller (Heidelberg, 1887). Two of Theodor Mminnsen's brothers were eminent scholars in special fields, TYCI10, born at Garding, flay 23, 1819, studied at Kiel and was engaged in educa tive work until 1885, when he retired. He pub lished a critical edition of l'ind:u• (1861) and other works on the Greek poet. He died Decem ber 1, 1900. AUGUST, born at Oldesloe, July 25, 1821, studied at Kiel, was also engaged in educational work, and published several volumes relating to Greek and Roman chronology.