MONACO, m5n'h-k5. An independent Italian principality and the smallest sovereign State of Europe, bounded by the Alediterranean and the French Department of Alpes-Alaritimes (Alap: n 8). Its area is about. tiny square miles. and the principality practically consists of the capital, Alonaeo. Monte Carlo (q.v.). and the village of Condamine. between the two towns. It is in a mountainous country, renowned for its picturesque seenery. It is without industry or count/terve, and its inhabitants are engaged chiefly in providing neeommodations for tourists. The government of the principality is that of an abso lute hereditary monarchy. The internal affairs are ill the hands of a Governor-General, who is also the president of the Council of State. whose functions are merely advisory. There is a court of first instance and a court of justices of the peace. hut no jail, ;111 prisoners being sent to France. The judges are appointed by the Prince, mostly from members of judicial bodies in France, and the French Code has been adopted with some modifi cations by the principality. 'I•he army. including the guard of honor, numbers about 200 men. There is no obligatory military service and little taxation, the revenue being derived almost en tirely from the gaming tables at Monte Carlo.
The principality forms a Etonian Catholic bishop ric. and the Homan Catholic ('Lurch is recognized and supported by the State. Population. in 1896, 15.180.
Montle° was conferred on a member of the CenoeSe Itouse of Grimaldi in 980. In 1.150 the prineipality passed under the protection of Aragon, but, dissatisfied with the Spanish rule, it came miller the protection of France in 1641. The National Convention annexed the princi pality to Frame in 1793. Ity the Treaty of Vienna it came under the of Sar dinia. lir 1861 the communes of Alentone and lloceabruna (11oquebrune) were ceded by Sar dinia to France, for which the Primp of Mon aco received in the following vt.ar an indemnity of 4.000.000 frames. Consult: MiAivier. Monaco tt sea print-es ( La FlArhe. 1865) : Pember ton. The History of Monaco. Past and Present (London. : ILtr is. Ilonaeo: pWreR his Maguey trainee (Nies.. 1882) : Boyer de Saint Suzanne, Us petitx Oats de l'Earope: In itrinripout(c dr Mamma) Pa ris. 188 ) : Daramenis hi$toriques relatifs a /a prineipontt' tie Monaco fllonaeo. 1890-911; id.. 11 •u, sea origines rt SON histoire 1898) Al eneha nom, son histoire diplomatiqur: la question des jeer (Pa ris. I 898)