MONGOLIAN RACE. That division of man kind sthich is uharacteristieally Asiatic and had its primitive home on the continent of \sia, %thence it has sent out branehes into Europe, Africa, the islands of the Pacific., and. in the opinion sooty authorities, even to the con tinent of Atneriea. Brinton, who termed this the Asian race, ineluded in it the Sinitic. peoples ( Ch i nese, Tibet a ns, i nese ) :and the tiihieie peoples (Tmigusie. Mongolie, Tatarie, hinnies .\retie, and .1a pa nese- Korean groups). lie regarded the Alalayo•Polynesian peoples as a branch descended from some aneestmal in Asia. Keane modifies this view and regards the \ lalay type as distinctly Mongolic., and also has an Decanic Mongol group (including all the peoples of Malaysia and Polynesia who are not of Indonesian, Negritie, Australasian, Papuan, OE one Of the Of his Homo llongolicim Both scholars reject the theory Nt hich would derive the Anieriean aborigines from a stock. Some of the earlier ethnologists saw a large 'Mon golian rTu ra II in n' 011'1111'1a in West ern A sl a and Europe, of which fragments were to be in ‘;tunerianq and llittiteq, Pellaqgians and Etrus cans, Iberians and Basques, Picts, and other iso fated peoples. Abundant evidence, however, is now forthcoming that Europe and Western Asia have from prehistorie times been in the pos session of peoples belonging to the Mediterranean branch of the white race and their more northern and southern congeners. The view of other au thorities that the Celts are largely Mongolian lacks proof, as do also the views of those archx ologists who explain certain industrial aml social phenomena of later prehistoric Europe by in vasions of Mongolian or Mongolized peoples from Asia. outside of the Finno-Ugrian or Ural Altaic peoples of Northeastern Europe and the later Mongol and Turko-Tatarie peoples of Southeastern Russia. the Magyars of Hungary, the Turks of the Balkan Peninsula.and the Huns, Avars. and Bulgars. who came in the wake of the great migration of Germanic. peoples (the last named still surviving to some extent in the Sla vicized Bulgarians), the Mongolian population of Europe has probably never amounted to much at any epoch, the greatest invasions having taken place in historical dining the Middle Ages, Western Asia, Europe. and Northern Africa have been as characteristically the environnwnt of the white as the great mass of the Asiatie continent has been that of the yellow race.
members of the :Mongolian race possess. as
a rule, straight, coarse hair (abundant on the head. less on the face, very scanty on the body), yellowish skin. a brachyceldialous (or meso cephalons) head-form. prominent cheek-bones. a roundish face. a small nose, and small black eyes, with slight elevation of outer angle and vertical fold of skin over the inner eanthus. Their stature is medium or below the average. The '1\lungolian spots' (q.v.) are also considered by some ethnologists a differentiating, eharacteristic of this race. Certain bodily characteristics, as the relative proportion of trunk. limbs, and head of the typical 'Mongolian, have led many authori ties to consider this the most child-like of all the human races. Color of skin. stature.and other peculiarities of a somatic nature account for the opinion of some that the rave is nearest to the original human slack, \rink the white, black, brown, and red races are held to represent greater divergences from the primitive type. That the :Mongolian type should lie the nearest to the original race and at the same limp the closest to the child, who best represents the general human type. is very probable. Phys ically, then, the Mongolian race is of peculiar interest. Intelleetually it rues a gannet equal to that of the white race. from the lowest tribes of Siberia. through the hall-civilized peoples of Central Asia and the borders of ('hina, to the great, ancient, and almost stagnant civilization of China, and beyond that to the rapidly advanc ing and progressive Japanese.
Consult : Dii' ugrisrhe rolksslainin I Leipzig. 1837) ; Rittieh, Dir Ethnographic leusslands (Got ha. I878) ; 1,a t Russian and Turk (London, Ifelle veil Die des osmanischrn leriches (Vienna, 18i7); VantWry, /tic drs lurko-t(1tarischen rollers Leipzig, 1879); id., l'rspruny afar Magyaren (Vienna. 1883); id., /)as Tiirkenrolk ( Leipzig, 1885); Winkler, altdische I idler:. und Sprachrn ( Berlin, 1881) ; Cjfalry, E.pMition srientifique franca iSf` Res sit , err Silu'rie, etc. (Paris, ; Ten Kate, Zur (runiologie der Mongoloiden ( lierl in, 1882) ; linter nowt:sue and dalcuten (Leipzig, 1882) ; Radloll, las 8ibirica (Leipzig, 1884-93) ; :Martin, Sibirieu (Stockholm, 1897) ; D ie dapunCr (Berlin, 1898) ; Jacob, ()est/idiv liafturefemente in> Abend/wale (ib., 1902) ; Rene Sifert, Jaunes et Wanes en Chine (Paris, 1902) ; Haberer, Schiidel mid Skeletteile sus Peking: Lin Beitrug zur somutisehen Ethnologic der :Ito/Igo/ea (Jena, 1902).