BIBLIOGRAPHY. Editions of the essays apBibliography. Editions of the essays ap- peared in 1580. 1582, and 1588, each containing changes as well as new material. In 1595 his family, aided by Mlle. de Gournay and Pierre de Tlraeh, published what they called "a new edition found after the author's death and aug mented by hint by a third more than was in pre ceding impressions." The text of 1593 form; the base of Courbet and Royer's edit ion ( Paris, 187°_ which has also Montaigne's letters. There is in the municipal library of Bordeaux a copy of the edition of 1585, with many autograph notes by Montaigne, differing, often considerably, from the changes in the editions of 1595. These notes were used in the not very accurate editions of Naigecm t Paris, 1802), of Desocr de l'Aul naye (ib., 18181, and of Amaury-Duval ib.. 1820). Convenient for general use is the edition of Leclerc (ib., 1865). Montaigne's Essays were translated by Florio in time to be used by Shakespeare, and, as it seems, by Ben Jolson also. Florio's rendering was reedited by C. Cotton and revised by Ilaz litt (London, 189:3). Consult: (Iriin, La Ho
publigue de Montaigne (Paris, 1555) ; Malvezin, .1/. de Montaigne, son origine, set famine (ib., 1S75) ; Bonnefon, Montaigne, Phonune it reeurre (ib., 1893), reprinted in the same author's Les awls (Ii Montaigne (ib., 159S;1 ; Stapfer, Mon Otigne (ib., 1894), and La famine et les antis de Montaigne (ib., 1896) ; also Payen, Doca au.nts fib., 1847-56) ; Xerlet, Etudes tt'rair•cs (ib., 1882) ; Champion, Julr•oduction «nx essais de Montaigne (ib., 1599). Work; in Eng lish are the Lircs of Montaigne by Saint John (London, 1858) and Lowndes (ib., 1898) ; Emer son, "Montaigne," in Representatire Men (Bos ton, 1850) ; Church, in Miscellaneous Essays (London, 1888) ; and Pattison, in Essays (ib., 1889). A specially luminous treatment of the man and his attitude toward life is in l'ater, t;aston de Latour (London, 1896). There is a good bibliography appended to Bonnefou, "Mon taigne," in Petit de Julleville, llistoire de in langue et de la liWrature frgstneai8e, vol. iii. (Paris, 1897).