Physical Features
Physical Features. The Surface Of The Moon, As Seen From The Earth, Presents A Most Irregular Grouping Of Light And Shade. The Dark Portions Were Named By The Earlier Astronomers As Seas, Lakes, Etc.. And Still Retain These Names, Although There Is Strong Evidence Against The Supposition That The Moon, ...
Pierre 1012 95 Mignard
Mignard, Pierre ( 1012-95). A French Portrait And Historical Painter, A Brother Of Nicholas Miguard. Ito Was Born At Troyes, Studied Under Jean Boucher In Bourges And Simon Vona In Paris, And Resided For Twenty Two Years In Italy. Where He Was Much In Fluenced Hy The Works Of Annibale ...
Pierre Louis De1698 1759
Maupertuis, Pierre Louis De ( 1698-1759). A French Mathemati Cian And Astronomer, Born At Saint-mato. His Education Was Begun Under A Tutor, And In 1714 He Went To Paris To The College Of La Marche. In 171s He Joined The Army And Soon Attained The Rank Of Lieutenant. Having Acquired ...
Pietro
Pietro (born In 1471), Who Succeeded His Father Lorenzo In 1492, Possessed Neither Capacity Nor Prudence; And In The Troubles Which The Am Bition Of Her Princes And The Undue Use Of The Temporal Power Of The Popes Brought Upon Italy. By Plunging Her Into Civil And Foreign War, He ...
Polity
Polity. The Polity Of Early Methodism Was Suggested By Exigencies In The Growth Of The Re Vival Of Which It Was The Outcome. Methodism As An Organization Dates From 1739, The Loosest Possible In Form. A Few Christians Met Together Weekly In 'classes' (the 'class Meeting') To Pray And To ...
Population
Population. The Population By Decades Has Been As Follows: 1790, 378,000; 1800, 422.000; 1810, 472.000; 1820, 52:1.000; 1830, 610.000; 1840, 737.000; 1850, 994,000: 1860, 1,231.000; 1570, 1.437,000; 1880. 1,783.000; 1890. 2.238.000: 1900. 2,805.000—negroes, 31.974. In 1790 Jmassa Phusclls Ranked Fourth In Population, Then Grade- ' Ally Fell To The Eighth ...
Population_2
Population. It Is Difficult To Take A Correct Census In Mexico, Particularly In The Many Dis Tricts Inhabited By Indians, Who Fear That They Will Be Taxed If They Are Enrolled In The Census Return. This Table Gives The Area. Population. And Density Of Population According To The Census Of ...
Population_3
Population. The Following Figures Show The Growth Of Population: 1800, 8850; 1830, 130.021; 1850, 6011.527; 1800, 791.305; 1870, 827.922; 1880, 1.131,597; 1890. 1.289.000; 11101), 1,551,270. The Rank Of The State Was Advanced From 20 In 1810 To 14 In 1800, And Receded To 20 Jn 1900. The Greatest Absolute Gain ...
Practical Netiiods
Practical Netiiods. The Construction Of The Necessary Basic Projection, As A Iffcliluitiary To The Making Of A Map Is 110w A Very Simple Mat Ter, Since The Woo: Is Accomplished By Merely Laying Oil Tabular Values Computed For The Gen Eral Use Of Map-makers. Tables For These Pro Jections Are ...
Prodiction
Prodiction. The Production Of Mineral Waters In The United States In 1901 Amounted To 55,771, 188 Gallons. Valued At $7,586,96.2. The Imports In The Saute Year Amounted To 2.567,323 Gallons, Valued At $741.392. Emuc.cr, Analyst:s. The Following Table Shims The Important Constituents Of Some Of The _american Mineral Waters: Etc. ...
Properties Or
Properties Or Cow's' ,11n.s. Since, In General Properties And Composition, Cows' Milk Is Typical Of All Milks, Is Of Chief Commercial Interest, And Has Been Studied Much More In Detail, It Will Be The Main Subject Of This Article. The Milk Se Creted Immediately After Parturition Is Termed Colostrum (q.v.), ...
Protestant Ecclesiastical Law
Protestant Ecclesiastical Law. The Prot• Estant Churches Of The Continent Rejected The Sacramental Theory Of Marriage. They Regarded Divoree (q.v.) As Admissible. Luther Revived The Theory That Betrothal (q.v.) Was An Inchoate Ma Rriage, And This View Was Dominant Until The Eighteenth Century. Early In That Century, How Ever, Riihmer, ...
Pvul Meyerheim
Meyerheim, P.vul (1842—). A German Painter, Born In Berlin, Son And Pupil Of Fried Rieh Eduard Aleyerheini. Lie Also Studied At The Berlin Acacdenn•, And Traveled And Studied In Germany, The Tyrol, And The Netherlands, Final Ly Spending A Year In Paris, Whence He Returned To Berlin, Impressed With The ...
Rabic Icder Nuiiiies Tiie
,\ Rabic )icder Nuiiii.es Tiie.) Ganizations Are The Mystic Order Of Veiled Prophets Of The Enchanted Realm, With Head Quarters At Hamilton. N. Y., And The Independent International Order Of Owls, With Headqn:n•ters At Nashville. Tenn. These Societies Are Purely Social Organizations, Founded For Amusement And Recreation. The Only Soeiety ...
Reinsurance
Reinsurance. Individual Underwriters Enjoy To Only A Limited Extent The Advantages That Come From The Combination Of A Large Moldier Of Risks In A Group, And Consequently Single Losses May Involve A Eonsideralde Share Of Their Capital. They Avoid This Danger Partly By Underwriting Only A Small Portion Of The ...
Renaissance
Renaissance. Italy Forged To The Front During This Century. The Sforzas At Milan. The Dukes Of Ferrara, The Royal House Of Naples, The Medici At Florence Were The Greatest Patrons Besides The Cathedral Churches. The Cathedral Of Siena Still Has The Finest Collection Of Illuminated Missals And Choir Books Decorated ...
Rotation
Rotation. It Can Be Shown By Geometry That If A Figure Of Any Shape With One Point Fixed Is Displaced In Any Way By Any Series Of Rota Tions, The Final Position May Be Reached From The Initial One By A Single Rotation Around An Axis Passing Through The Fixed ...
Shearing Machines
Shearing Machines. Shears Are Used For Cutting Off Or Shearing Metal Plates And Shapes, And Resemble Punches In Construction And Opera Tion Except That The Punching Tool And Die Are Replaced By Cutting Edges Which Slide Past Each Other Like The Blades Of Ordinary Shears Or Scis Sors. Fig. 4 ...
Shipping And Communications
Shipping And Communications. Most Of The Foreign Trade Of Mexico Is Carried Either By Rail Road Or In Foreign Bottoms. Hundreds Of Ves Sels, Most Of Them Very Small And Owned By Mexi Cans, Are Engaged In The Coasting Trade. The Mercantile Marine Of The Country Comprised, In 1900, 24 ...
Simon De Montfort
Mont'fort, Simon De, Earl Of Leicester (e.1208-651. A Famous English Statesman. Lle Was The Third Son Of Simon De Montfort (see .nlontroitt), The Leader In The Crusade Against The Albigenses. And Was Born In France. He In Herited The Title Of Earl Of Leicester From His Grandmother. Amicia De Beaumont• ...
Simone Martini
Martini, Simone, Wrongly Called Simone Memmi (1284-1344). The Chief Painter Of The Early Sienese School. Of His Life We Know That Lie Was Born In Siena, And That He Painted Frescoes In The Churches And Public Buildings Of Siena. Assisi. Naples, And Orvieto. In 1339 He Was Called By Benedict ...
Simple Microscope
Simple Microscope. A Simple Lens, Or A Combination Of Two Or More Lenses Nearer To Gether Than The Stint Of Their Focal Lengths, And Acting As A Single Lens, So Used As To Supplement The Optical System Of The Eye And Increase The Apparent Size Of An Object, Is Properly ...
Spinal Meningitis
Spinal Meningitis. The Membranes Of The Spinal Cord May Be Affected Separately, But It Is Common For Inflammation To Spread From One To The Others. Inflammation Of The Dura, Pacify Meningitis, Has Already Been Described. Acute Leptomeningitis, Or Acute Spinal Meningitis As It Is Called. Involving The Pia. Is Often ...
Stosis Of The Servwe
Stosis Of The Servwe 111 Pellet. And In War Are A Source Of Military Law. These Usages Have Become To The Army A Kind Of Common Law, Sup Plementing The Statute And Regulations. The Oath Administered To The Members Of A Court Martial Requires Them In Doubtful Eases To Ad ...
Teemmal Mathew
Mathew, Teem:mal Commonly Known As Fatiier ( 1790-1856). A Total Abstinence Orator. Ile Was Born At Thomas Town. A Few Miles East Of Tipperary Castle, In Ireland, October 10, 1790. On The Death Of His Faller, While Mathew Was Still Very Young. The Kindness Of The Llandali Family Enabled The ...
Texture
Texture (toughness) Of Meats. Whether Meats Are Tough Or Depends Upon Two Things: The Character Of The Walls Of The Muscle And The Character Of The Connective Tissues Which Bind The Tubes And Muscles Together. In Young And Well-nourished Animals The Tube Walls Are Thin And Delicate, And The Connective ...
The Migration
The Migration Nr• Birds. .more Conspicuous And Interesting. And Quite As Difficult To Explain, Are The Migrations Of The Birds, Which Have Been The Theme Of Poetry, Homily, And Fable, As Well As A Baffling Subject Of Inquiry. Ever Since Men Began To Notice The Ways Of Animals. Most Persons ...
Theories Of Matter
Theories Of Matter. Nally Theories Have Been Advanced To Account For The Properties Of Matter; Some Deny An Ob Jective Reality To Matter, Others Affirm It. It. Is Possible To Show That All Observed Phenomena In Nature May Be Predicted From Certain General Mathematical Equations, The Quantities In Which Are ...
Theory Of Map Construction
Theory Of Map Construction. As It Is Im Possible To Make The Surface Of A Sphere Conform With A Plane, The Problem Of Representing Por Known As Mercator, Who Invented The First De Veloped Projection And Published A Map Of The World (1569) ; Ortelius, The Publisher Of An Atlas. ...
Thomas Moore
Moore, Thomas An Irish Poet, Born In Dublin. Nay 28. 1779. Having Been For A While Under An Eccentric Schoolmaster Named Malone. Moore Went To A Grammar School Kept By Samuel Whyte. In 1794 He Went To Trinity College, Dublin, Which Had Been Opened To Roman Catholics In 1793. He ...
Thomas Moran
Moran, Thomas (1837—). An American Etcher, Illnstrator, And Landscape Painter. He Was Born At Bolton, Lancashire, -january 12, 1s37, And Came To Philadelphia With His Parents. During An Apprenticeship To A Wood Engraver He Devoted Himself To Water-color Painting With Suc Cess. He Then Studied Oil Painting Under James Hamilton, ...
Tiie Germans And
Tiie Germans And Ht's. The Migrations Of The Teutonic Or Germanic Tribes, During The Years Of Decline Of The Roman Empire. Had A Pro Found Influence Upon The Social And Political De Velopment Of Airline. And Are Known Preeminent Ly As 'the Migrations' ( Vifikerwanderung). The Germans. In The Centuries ...
Tile
Tile Mtsstssleel River Coaiaiission. A Com Mission Under This Name Was Created By Act Of Congress Of June 28, 1879, And Consists Of Seven Persons, Three Of Whom Are Army Officers Selected From The Corps Of Engineers, One From The Coast And Geodetic Survey, And Two Civil Engineers And A ...
Tile Fay Morgan
Mor'gan, Tile Fay. An Important Figure In Medireval Romance. Whose Origin Is Probably To Be Traced To Celtic Mythology. In The Rita Mer Lini. Ascribed To Geoffrey Of Monmonth, She Is Mentioned As The Eldest Of Nine Sisters Who In Habit The Fortunate `insula Pomorum.' She Is Said To Lie ...
Tissues And Organs
Tissues And Organs. The Examination Of Pieces Of Tissue Or Of Organs For The Purpose Of Determining The Nature Of The Disease Affecting Them Is Often Of Great Importance. Some Tissues May Be Examined In The Fresh State By Simply Teasing Apart In Such An Inert Fluid As Normal Saline ...
Titus Annius Milo
Milo, Titus Annius Papiani's (me. 95-4s). A Roman Politician. Ile Was Born At Lanuvium. And Belonged To A Distinguished Family. Few De Tails Of His Life Are Known Till His Election As Tribune Of The People In N.c. 57. He Was Then A Partisan Of Pompey,and Attempted To Bring About ...
Topograpiiy
Topograpiiy. The Highest Ridges In The North East Reach An Altitude Of About 1000 Feet. Throughout. Most Of The State The Elevations Range From 500 To 600 Feet Down To 150 Feet A Few Miles From The Gulf. A Moderate Uplift Of The Region Has Allowed The Rivers To Carry ...
Topoorapity
Topoorapity. The Surface Of The Main Portion Of Mexico Rises Steeply From The Narrow Coast Lands. And More Gently From The Great Depression Of The Lower Rio Grande To The Broad Tableland Of The Interior. This Ventral Plateau Is Dominated By Mountains Whose Great Height Is Masked By The Elevated ...
Tral Forcls
Tral Forcls. Fl Has Been Shown That, If There Are No External Influences, The Centre Of Inertia Of A System Of Particles Or Of A Large Body Continues. If In Mo Tion, To Move In A Straight Line With A Constant Speed. This Is Owing To The Fact That The ...
Translation
Translation. In Motion Of Translation It Is Necessary To Consider The Motion Of One Point Of The Figure Only, As That Is The Same For All The Points. If The Figure Is Moved From One Position To Another. This Displacement May Be Represented By A Straight Line Joining The Initial ...
Transportation And 0110erce
Transportation And ( '011:0 Erce. A Network Of Railroads Covers The Northern Half Of The State, In Contrast With The Southern Half, Where The Mileage Is Small And A Number Of Counties Have No Rail Communication, The Northern Half Has The Advantage In That It Lies In The Course Of ...
Trusts
Trusts. Legal Monopolies Have Generally Been Granted To Private Persons For Some Real Or Ostensible Service To The Commonwealth. Sometimes Such A Grant Was Made Primarily For Fiscal Purposes. Thus The Monopoly Of The Issue Of Hank Notes In England, Granted In The Early Part Of The Eighteenth Century To ...
Tue Monitor
Monitor, Tue. One Of The Most Famous Vessels And The First Successful Ironclad In The History Of The United States Navy. It Was Built At Greenpoint. L. L. Under The Direction Of John Ericsson (q.v.) ; Was Launched On January 30, 1862, And On 'march 6, 1862, Under The Command ...
Two Non Para Llel
Two Non- Para Llel Coplanar Foncr.s. The Lines Of Action Of Two Such Forces Meet In A Point In Their Plane. Consider A Case In Which This Point Is In The Rigid Body On Which The Two Forees Are Acting. The Effect Of A Force Upon A Rigid Body Is ...
Umpiirey 1 756 1841marshall
Marshall, Umpiirey ( 1 756-1841 ). An American Politician. Cousin Of Chief Justice John Marshall, Horn In Westmoreland County, Va. Lie Received Very Little Schooling, Entered The Conti Nental Army During The Revolution. And Attained The Rank Of Captain. Before The Close Of The War Lie Removed To Kentucky, And ...
Un Military Academy
Military Academy, Un Itlill States. The National For The Theoretical And Practical Training Of Cadets For Commissions In The United States Army. It, Is Situated At West Point, N. V., Eni The West Bank Of The Iludsmi, 50 Miles From Its Mouth, Amid The Pieturesque Peaks Of The Highlands. This ...
Underground Deposits
Underground Deposits. In The Whining Of The Useful Minerals From Underground Deposits Com Plications Are Introduced Which Are Not Met In Open Cuts. The Overlying Rock Is Always To Be Supported As Long As That Portion Of The Mine Is Being Operated Or Is Used As A Passageway. This May ...
United Medal Of Honor
Medal Of Honor, United States. The Medal Of Honor Of The United States. Given For Bravery On The Field Of Battle, Was First Instituted In 1502 By A Law Approved July 12111 Of That Ft Is A Live-pointed Star Of Bronze Tipped With Trefoil. Each Point Containing A Crown Of ...
United States Army Medical
Medical Department, United States Army. This Department, Under The Direction Of The Secretary Of War, Is Charged With The Duty Of Investigating The Sanitary Condition Of The Army And Making Recommendations In Referenee Thereto, With The Duty Of Earing For The Sick And Wounded; Making Physieal Examinations Of Officers And ...
University Of Michigan
Michigan, University Of. A Coeducational State Institution At Ann Arbor, Mich., Chartered In 1837. According To The Terms Of The Charter, Branches Were Established At Various Places To Serve As Preparatory Schools Of The University. These Existed Only A Short Time And Were The Forerunners Of The State High Schools, ...
University Of Minnesota
Minnesota, University Of. A Coeduca Tional State Institution Of Higher Learning In Minneapolis, Minn., Established By An Act Of The Territorial Legislature In 1531 And Confirmed By The State ('mestitution Adopted In 1857. The Pres Ent Charter Was Adopted In 1808. And The First Collegiate Work Was Begun In The ...
Ureece
Ureece. According To The Common Greek Leg End Hermes Was The Son Of Zeus And Main. Who Bore Him On Mount Cyllene In Arcadia. Imme Diately After His Birth He Went Forth And Stole The Cattle Of Apollo. Dragging Them Backward To His Cave. When Amused He Stoutly Denied The ...
Urine
Urine. Microscopic Examination Of The Urine Is Made For The Purpose Of Determining Disease Or As Rough Spherical Crystals. (c) Hippuric Acid Crystals Are Rather Infrequently Found In Acid Urine. (d) Phosphates, Ammonium-mag Nesium Or 'triple Phosphate' Crystals Occur In Slightly Acid And In Alkaline Urine. They Are Large And ...
Uses Of
Uses Of By Far The Most Important Of The Uses To Nvitich Minerals Are Put Is That Of Producing Metals From Those Of Them Which Con Tain Metal Censtittienis Iu Sollieient Quantity To Render Their Mining Profitable. The Disenssion Of The Distribution And Mode Of Occurrence Of Metallic Ores Involves ...
Vapor Density Method
Vapor-density :method. The Molecular Weights Of Gases, Or Of Substances That Can Be Obtained In The State Of Vapor, Can Lie Readily Determined By Ascertaining The Density Of The Gas Or Vapor. The Principle Involved Is As Fol Lows: The Density (d)—i.e. The Weight Of A Cer Tain Volume Of ...
Variations In
Variations In Al 1 1.k. The Richness Of Milk Is To A Certain Extent An Individual Character Istic: I.e. Some Individuals Normally Give Rich Milk, While Others. For 110 Apparent Reason, Give Milk Containing Several Per Cent. More Water. The Richness Of Milk Has Been Increased By Do Nu•stication, Care, ...
Vhanciscan And
Vhanciscan And Dominican Aar. The Mon Asteries Of These Orders Were In Or Near The Cities, So That The Menthers Could Take Part In The Daily Life Of The People. There Were Ordinarily No High Eneircling Cloistml Walls, No Arrangements For Teaching The Arts (except Occasionally That Of Illuminating Manuscripts ...
Water Moccasin Moccasin Snake
Moccasin Snake, Water Moccasin, Or Cottonmouth. An Aquatic. Venom Ous (.1 Nristrodon Pisei Ror Us) Of The Southern 'united States, Allied To The Eopperhend. It May Grow To Be Four Feet Long; Is Thick And Heavy In Body; Has A Tapering Tail. Without Any Rattle Or Spine; And In Color ...
Wesley Merritt
Mer'ritt, Wesley ( 1836—). An American Soldier, Prominent In The Civil War And The Spanish-american War. Be Was Born In New York City, Graduated At \vest Point In 1560, Was Assigned As Second Lieutenant Of The Second Dragoons In January. 1861, Acted As Aide-de Camp To General Cooke From February ...
Western Asia
Western Asia. The Use Of Crude Brick Has Made Impossible Any Detailed Knowledge Of The Methods Of Fortification Used In Babylonian Cities. Though They Are Known To Have Been Pro Tected By Walls Of Immense Thickness And Height. The Plan Of Placing The Royal Palace On One Side And Using ...
William
William.) The Order Is Also Prospering In British America, While In The Republics Of South America. Where The Catholic Religion Is In The Ascendent, The Same Influences Operate To Its Hindrance As In The European Countries Where Church Influence Is Powerful. A System Of What Is Known As Freemasonry Exists ...
William Lamb Melbourne
Melbourne, William Lamb, Second Vis Count (1779-184s). An English Statesman. Ile Was Educated At Eton And At Trinitycollege.cam Bridge, Where He Graduated In 1796, And At Glas Gow (1799), Where He Studied Jurisprudence And Politics Under Millar. One Year After His Ad Mission To The Bar (1804) He Entered The ...
William Morgan
Morgan, William (e.1775-e.1826) . An American Mason, Whose Disappearance Under Pe Culiar Circumstances In 1826 Caused The Organi Zation Of The Anti-masonic Party. He Was Born Probably In Culpeper County, Va., And Is Said To Have Served Under General Jackson In The Defense Of New Orleans, And Afterwards Settled In ...
William Murray Mansfield
Mansfield, William :murray, First Earl Of (1705-93). A Celebrated British Jurist. Ile Was Horn March 2, 1705, The Fourth Son Of David, Viscount Stormont. He Studied At Christ Church, Oxford. Took The Degree Of M.a. In 1730, And Was Called To The Bar In The Same Year. Through The Facility ...
Work Energy
Work Energy. Two General Formula Were Developed In The Discussion Of Translation And Rotation, Yr= Lo= The First Formula May He Expressed In Words As Follows: If A Particle Whose Mass Is M Is Moving With A Speed In Any Direction, This Will He Changed To S In That Same ...
The Count Of Monte
Monte Cristo, The Count Of. The Most Famous Romance Of Alexandre Dumas (1844-45), Founded On Penchet's A Diamond And A Ffea My. The Hero, Edmond Dantes, Is Unjustly Imprisoned In The Chateau D'i F. An Island Made Famous Through Dumas's Work, Escapes, And After Gaining A Fabulous Treasure, Pursues With ...
The Moabite Stone
Moabite Stone, The. A Stone Bearing An Inscription Of 34 Lines In The Moabitish Language, Discovered By The German Missionary F. Klein, At Diboll, In Moab, In 18118. The Negotiations Set On Foot. For Its Purchase By N. Clermont-ganneau, Of The French Consulate At Jerusalem, Who Had Also Learned Of ...