'Relief maps are usually constructed after a has been lr•epared by building up the surface of the country. Using cardboard of uniform thickness to represent the successive (-contour Um-, \\lien one such relief map has been constructed, copies are made either in plaster of Paris or papier mach(.
NAos OF THE UxrrEn STATES. The following is the list of the inure important bureaus of the United States Governnient which publish maps for general distribution: United States Coast and Geodetie Survey., Washingtffil—maps pertain ing to the .;\ thintie and Pacific coasts of the United States, and those of Alaska. the \Vest Indies. and the Philippines. United States Geo logien! Survey. Washington—topographic-al maps. special monograph maps of mining districts, and maps relating to irrigation. General Land (Mee, Washington—toonship plats. State maps, limps of mineral and private land claims, enlarged maps of the United States. United States Hy drographic Office, Navy Department, \1'ashing toi—hydrographic• charts of domestic and foreign harbors, of coast lines, and pilot charts of the North Atlantic Ocean. Ofliee of the Survey of the Great Lakes, Detroit. :Mich.—maps pertain ing to the hydrography of the Great Lakes. Mis sissippi River Commission. Saint Louis, Mo.— maps of the Mississippi River, PitinAmatiruv. Uretschel, Lchrbuch der liar tenprojcktion (Weimar. 1873) ; Schott, "A Com parison of the Relative Value of the Polyconie Projection." Report of l'aft«1 States Coast and Geodetic Surrey, .-Ippendix /3 (Washington. 1880) ; Fiorini, Lc projcioni delis carte geogra fiche (Bologna, 1881) ; Tissot, Jlemoire stir la representation des surfaces et Ira projections des cartes geographiques (Paris. 1881) : Craig, "A Treatise on Projections," United States Coast and Geodetic Surrey (Washington, 1882 ) ; St ein bauser, Grundziige der mathematisehen Geogra phic and Landkartenprojektion (3d ed., Vienna,
1887) ; Verner. Map Reading and Elementary Field Sketching (London, 1893) : \Vest, The Elements of Military Topography (London, 1894) ; 'Woodward, Geographical Tables (Wash ington. 1894) Cehrian and Los Arens. Tcoria general dc las proyeccioncs geognifieas (Madrid, 1895) ; Geleich and Sauter, Kartcnkupde ye sehiehtlich dargestellt (Stuttgart. 1897) ; Zon dervan,.IIIgemeine Kartenkunde (Leipzig, 1001 ) . See CHART; HYDROGRAPHY ; SURVEYING.
MAP, or MAPES, WALTER. A mcdia•val au thor, of Welsh descent, born probably in Here fordshire, England. about Ile studied in Paris soon after 1154; was connected with the household of Ilenry 11., whom lie attended abroad; was sent on missions to Pau•is (1173) and Rome (1179) ; and was precentor of Lincoln, incumbent of Wistbury. Gloucestershire, canon of Saint Paul's, and Archdeacon of Oxford (1197). Ile died about 1210. Slap's one undoubted work is Be ntgis eurialium Trifling: of Courtiers"), a carious and interesting medley of anecdotes, reminiscenees, and stories, to which we owe most of our knowledge of Map's life. In several of the manuscripts of the prose Lancelot, Grail, and Monte d'Arthur his name occurs as the author. But recent scholarship places them at a later date. With some doubt the Golias poems are ascribed to him, satires in Latin on (lie clergy. Map was especially a foe of Jews and Cistercians. In this collection occurs the famous drinking song "...)lenin est. propositum in Oberlin, mori," which %vas rendered into English by Leigh Hunt. Consult the Latin Poona Aitrihiard .flap and De Nugis Curialiiim. ed. by Wright, Camden Society (London, 1841 and 1850).