In most of the United States time age at which sun infant may consent to enter into the marriage relation has been raised by statute to sixteen and in Sollae of the States to eighteen years. These statutes do not, however, change the common-law ride that such marriages are not void. hut roidabie only at the option of the infant or of Imis parent or guardian. See INFANT; PARENT AND Almaa;ANATIC MARRIAGE, PiIIILIMMAPIIY. 011 the history of marriage as :in institution. consult: Westermarck, The JIfx ltn•r! of Ilumuu .11urriage I:3d ed., London, 1!10'_>1. a comprehensive historical stmly, with an ex tensive bibliography; Letourticall. gfrt ntoriaye rt Ile la ( Paris, 1888t trans., The Prolution of Ilarringe and of the Family: New York, 18!t11. These are general works. The original studies which have developed the seientifie theory of the .abject are: Morgan, The Ltvrgttc• of the Iroquois reprinted, \ew• York, 1 901 ), the first work to divert seientilie attention to the true character of marital and kinship sY'teins ammig ized men: SyNicins of ('ortsongeinity and •l ramIto of " mon Pu Hy I W:i Aling1 on. 187 1) ; ac(?111 Stieicty (London and New York, 1577) ; Bachofen. Dos lititicrn•cilt (Stuttgart. m Maine, Ineirrau La (London. 1 Sill 1 Ea rl mai Custom 1 London. 1:04:1: Nev York, 15.511) : McLennan. Primith:c llurriage (London, 15051, reprinted in SludieR in .1nrieut Ilistoru (London. The Patriarrhal Theory (London, 1595); Stutlit.s in .Incieut History: Series don, 1896) ; Gallon, flereilitury Genius (London, 1869), containing a study of the effects of close interbreeding; Darwin, The Descent of Man (London and New York, 1871) ; Dargun, .11 utter rceht and Raubchc and dire Rst,- in ycram nischen Becht and Leben(BroAlau.1SS3) ; Smith,
Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia (London, 1885) ; Spencer and Gillen, The Native Tribes of Central ..lustralia (London, 1899) ; Crawley, The Mystic Rose: A Study of Primitive Marriage (London, 1902). For the Roman law, Rossbach, ROmischc Elle (Stuttgart, 1853) ; Karlowa, Rii mische Ehc and Manus (Bonn, 1868). For the old German law, Sohm, Die Ehcsehlicssung (Weimar, 1875) ; Trauung and Verlobung (Wei mar, 181G), Zur Trauillnqsfr•aqe Heilbronn, 18i9) ; Friedberg, VellObillig uncl Trauung ( I,eipzig, 1S76); the works on German legal history by Brunner (Leipzig, 1892) ; Schrlider (2d ed., Leipzig. 1889) ; and Hensler, insti tutioncn des dentschen yr•irahavkMs (Leipzig, 1886). For the ecclesiastical law. Catholic and Protestant, Freisen, Gcschich t e des kanonischen Ehercchts (2d ed., Paderborn, 1892) : Binder, Katholisches Elicrecht (4th ed., Freiburg-im Breisgan 18111); Esmein. Lc mariage en droit canonique (Paris, 1891) ; Schnitzer. katholisches Ehcrecht ( Freiburg-im-Breisgan, 1898 ) ; and works on Kirchcnrecht by Friedberg ( 4th ed., Leipzig, 1895) ; Schulte (Giessen, 1886) ; and Richter (8th ed., Leipzig, 1886). For English ecclesiastical law, Burn, Ecclesiastical Law (9th ed., London, 1842) ; Phillimore, Ecclesiastical Law of the Church of England (2d ed., London. 1895). For modern civil marriage, Gneist, Die burger liche Eheschliessung (Berlin. 1869) ; Glasson. Jfu1•eagc' ciril (2d ed., Paris, 1880). Compara tive legislation. Lehr, Le enrage duns les prin cipaux pays (Paris, 1599).
For the modern law of marriage of Great Britain and America consult the authorities re ferred to under DOMESTIC RELATIONS; HUSBAND AND WIFE; PARENT AND CHILD; DOWER; CURT EST; etc.