MONK, or MONCK, GEomm. first Duke of Albemarle (1608-70). An English general, to whom the Stuart Restoration was due. Ile was born at Potheridge, Devonshire. December 6, 1608. Coining under the ban of the law for thrashing a civil officer who illegally attempted to arrest his father, lie volunteered for service in Spain, where he distinguished himself on se cret service. In 1629 he entered the Dutch Army, and aequitted himself gallantly at Breda. In 1639, at the outbreak of the Scottish troubles, lie was appointed lieutenant-colonel and W011 ad ditional renown by saving the English guns in the rout at. Newburn. In 1642-43 he eommanded a regiment against the Irish rebels, gained several victories, and was appointed Governor of Dnhlin. In the early part of the Civil War lie fought as a volunteer for the King, and in the Royalist defeat at Nantwieh was taken prisoner by Fairfax.
Charged with (reason, lie was eommitted to the Tower. where he remained for two years. He regained his freedom by consenting to serve in Ireland. Ili, conduct commended itself to Crom well, who made hint lieutenant-general and chief of artillery. Parliament appointed him Governor of Carrickfergus and gave him a gratuity of f500. In 1650 Cromwell took him to S(43tland, on account of his brilliant conduct at Dunbar, left him as ()1111111111(1er-in-chief to eomplete the sub jection of that country. In 1653 lie became con spicuous in a now capacity as a sea tighter and, associated with Illakt De, W011 t WO great naval battles over the Dutch Admiral. Tromp. Ile took part in the commission to ar range the union of Scotland and England, and went to the former country as Governor in 1654, with much difficulty maintaining his rule against the Presbyterians. Charles 11. tried to secure his support, hut Slunk sent the letter to Cromwell. „kfter the Protector's death Slunk de clared in favor of Riehard Cromwell and assumed the defense of public order when Lambert's in surrection threatened a military despotism. On
January 1. 1660. Monk crossed the border with 6001) men, joined Fairfax at York, and entered London. February 3d. without opposition. his intentions were not known until February 281.11, when, owing to the unsettled eondition of affairs and knowing of the national wish to bring back the Stuarts, he called together the Presbyterian members expelled from Parliament in 1648, and created a majority for the King. Chark, Ii. was formally deelared King on Slay 8th. Ile made Monk Duke of .klbeinarh•, Privy Councilor, Chamberlain. and Lord Lieutenant of Devon and Middlesex. In 1665. as Governor of London dur ing the plague, Monk remained at his post when every one else had tied who could. The King then employed him against the Dutch at sea, In June, 1066, De Duyter with an overwhelming force defeated him in a three days' battle if Dunkirk. In the month following, Albemarle gained a com plete and sanguinary victory over 1)e Ituyter off the North Foreland. During the last years of his life Slunk lived in a measure retired from political and social life. lie died at -Newhall, Essex, January 3, 1670, Consult Calendar of Domestic State Papers, 1G'19-(10 ( London, 1875-8(i) : 7'h u Hoe date l'a pers ( London. 1712) Firth, Scotland and the monwealth, 1751-5.1 (Edinburgh, 1895) ; id., Scotland and the Protectorate, ( Clarendon State Papers (Oxford, 1786) Clarendon, History of the Rebellion (ib., 18881; id., Life (ib., 1827) ; Pepys, Diary ( London, 1893-96) ; humble. Life of 1, -nerd Mom* (fib., 1671), is of special importance since the author was chaplain to Monk in 1659-60. and had spe vial opportunities for obtaining information; Guizot. Monek, or the Pall of the Republic and (he Restoration of the Monarchy, trans. by Seolde ( London, 1851): Gardiner, Ilistory of England 1603- '12 (Soy York, 1883.84) : id., llistory of the Urea t Civil War ( ib., 1S97).